Abstract：Class Ⅳ giant magnetostrictive flextensional transducer (GMFT) is an effective equipment to realize high-power and low-frequency underwater acoustic emission, which has broad application prospects in the fields of underwater long-distance detection and communication. However, many parameters and boundaries affect the output performance of GMFT, the electromagnetic parameter limit of giant magnetostrictive material (Terfenol-D), the cavitation boundary of the transducer shell, and the limit stress boundary are important limiting conditions for improving the radiated sound power of Class Ⅳ GMFT at the target depth. It is necessary to quickly establish the relationship among parameters, output frequency, and sound source level, thereby obtaining the design scheme. Therefore, combined with the finite element design method (FEM) and the Box-Behnken response surface method, an optimization design method of Class Ⅳ GMFT is proposed considering electrical-magnetic-mechanical-acoustic multi-field boundaries. Firstly, the number of vibrating rods is determined according to the target frequency f0, the target sound source level SL, and the electromagnetic parameter limits of Terfenol-D. Secondly, to reduce the eddy current loss and improve the uniformity of the magnetic field, an efficient magnetic loop structure is designed, and an efficient bar cutting method is proposed. The FEM results show that the mean value increases by 22 %, and the non-uniformity decreases by 32 %. Thirdly, the range of shell structural parameters is determined according to the magnetic loop structure and cavitation threshold area under the target water depth. Finally, taking the shell semi-minor axis length b, shell thickness e, and shell height h as the optimization variables and frequency and sound source level as the optimization objectives, the Box-Behnken response surface model is built based on FEM. It shows that the frequency increases with the increase of b and e and the decrease of h. When the frequency is within 5 % of the target frequency, the sound source level is greater than the target SL, and the maximum principal stress does not exceed the yield stress limit. The optimized structural parameters meet the design requirements and can be adopted as the final design scheme. A prototype of Class Ⅳ GMFT with the optimized shell structural parameters is developed, and a lake experimental platform is built. The experimental results show that the transducer's resonant frequency is 480 Hz, and the maximum sound source level reaches 206 dB under the target water depth of 40 m. There is no “frequency doubling phenomenon” caused by improper design of bias magnetic field and no nonlinear problem caused by cavitation, which verifies the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed optimal design method. In conclusion, the theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed optimization design method can quickly obtain the relationship among the structural parameters, the frequency, and the sound source level. Thus, the optimal design scheme is obtained in line with the electro-magnetic-mechanic-acoustic boundary conditions and the design objectives, greatly reducing the development and testing cost and shortening the development cycle.
宁倩, 李桥, 高兵, 赵能桐, 罗安. 电-磁-机-声多场边界下的超磁致伸缩Ⅳ型弯张换能器设计方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(12): 3112-3121.
Ning Qian, Li Qiao, Gao Bing, Zhao Nengtong, Luo An. Design of Giant Magnetostrictive Class Ⅳ Flextensional Transducer Under Electrical-Magnetic-Mechanical-Acoustic Multi-Field Boundaries. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(12): 3112-3121.
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2023, Vol. 38 
