基于布里渊光时域峰值边沿分析的变压器绕组局部热点检测

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230356

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摘要

变压器绕组的温度分布一直是电网运行人员重点关注的对象,与传统传感器相比,分布式光纤传感具有抗电磁干扰能力强、可实现分布式测量等巨大优势,其中布里渊光时域分析技术（BOTDA）的性能稳定,适用于大多数场景,但BOTDA的空间分辨率为米级,难以分辨绕组运行中的局部热点。该文从布里渊散射增益谱的机理入手,利用双峰拟合算法,并结合对异常峰值曲线的边沿分析,提出了一种在不增加系统硬件复杂度的基础上提升BOTDA空间分辨率的方法,以满足局部热点检测要求。通过对光纤沿线不同位置、不同热点长度及不同热点温度下的模拟试验验证了该方法的有效性,在实验室条件下可将准确传感的热点长度提升至原空间分辨率的一半以内。基于变压器实际绕组的局部升温试验,实现了绕组异常热点的精确定位和长度感知,并准确解调了绕组局部热点的温度,进一步验证了该方法的实际可行性和检测优越性,温度相对误差控制在5%以内,为提高变压器绕组温度在线监测的经济性和可行性提供新的思考,同时也为绕组局部故障的提前感知预警提供了新的思路。

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关键词 ：光纤传感, 变压器, 绕组热点温度, 布里渊光时域分析技术, 空间分辨率

Abstract：

The temperature distribution of transformer windings has always been the focus of power grid operators. Compared with traditional sensors, distributed fiber sensing has great advantages such as strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability and distributed measurement. BOTDA has stable performance and is suitable for most scenarios. However, the spatial resolution of BOTDA is on the order of meters, making it difficult to distinguish local hot spots in winding operation. Starting from the mechanism of Brillouin scattering gain spectrum, this paper proposes a BOTDA-PEA technique to improve the spatial resolution of BOTDA without increasing the complexity of the system hardware by describing the bimodal fitting principle and analyzing the edge of the abnormal peak intensity curve in the disturbed fiber, so as to meet the requirements of local hot spot detection in transformer windings. The basic principle of this technology is that when the length of the disturbed fiber is less than the spatial resolution, the hot spot is precisely located according to the descending edge of the subpeak scattering intensity curve, the traditional fitting results are modified according to the corresponding Brillouin frequency shift of the subpeak, and the actual hot spot temperature is demodulated.
Firstly, three sets of simulation experiments were designed under laboratory conditions to study the performance of BOTDA-PEA in terms of different locations, different hot spot lengths and different hot spot temperatures along the fiber. When the length of the disturbed fiber segment was less than the spatial resolution of BOTDA, the influence of different variables on the Brillouin gain spectrum is obtained by using the control variable method. The experimental results verify that the position corresponding to the declining edge of the subpeak intensity curve in the bimodal region of Brillouin scattering spectrum is the exact position of the disturbed fiber segment, and its frequency shift represents the temperature information of the disturbed fiber segment. Compared with traditional single-peak fitting technology, BOTDA-PEA technology can stably improve the spatial resolution of BOTDA sensor system to less than half of the original spatial resolution, and up to 2 times of the sampling resolution.
The local temperature test of transformer winding was simulated by setting heating strips, and the temperature distribution curves of local hot spots and their vicinity were obtained by using BOTDA-PEA technique to process the data. The experimental results show that the single-peak fitting technique used by traditional BOTDA cannot accurately identify the hot spot length less than the spatial resolution, and the temperature error is as high as 34%. However, BOTDA-PEA technique can successfully demodulate the temperature, and the relative error is controlled within 5%. It is concluded that BOTDA-PEA technology can realize the accurate location and length perception of winding abnormal hot spots and accurately demodulate the temperature of local hot spots in winding, which further verifies the practical feasibility and detection superiority of this method, and provides new thinking for improving the economy and feasibility of online monitoring of transformer winding temperature. At the same time, it provides a new idea for the early warning of local winding fault.

Key words： Fiber sensing transformer winding hot spot temperature Brillouin optical time domain analysis technology spatial resolution

收稿日期: 2023-03-24

PACS:

TM41

基金资助:

国家电网公司科技项目资助（5206002000D6）

通讯作者: 黎晏霖女,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为分布式光纤传感技术及电力设备故障检测与诊断。E-mail：lylncepu2021@163.com

作者简介: 刘云鹏男,1976年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电力设备故障检测与诊断。E-mail：liuyunpeng@ncepu.edu.cn

引用本文:

刘云鹏, 黎晏霖, 李欢, 范晓舟. 基于布里渊光时域峰值边沿分析的变压器绕组局部热点检测[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 230356-230356. Liu Yunpeng, Li Yanlin, Li Huan, Fan Xiaozhou. Local Hot Spot Detection of Transformer Windings Based on Brillouin Optical Time Domain Peak Edge Analysis. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 230356-230356.

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