计及边带分量频率耦合的电压源型换流器输入导纳建模

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222053

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摘要

在高比例可再生能源和高比例电力电子设备接入背景下,配电网中的谐波污染和耦合谐振特性逐渐向高频段扩展。高频谐振特性分析时,现有基于开关周期平均的电压源型变换器（VSC）单频阻抗模型难以满足奈奎斯特频率以上的阻抗建模精度需求。为此,该文分析了VSC控制器采样和脉冲宽度调制（PWM）环节产生的边带分量与扰动量之间的频率耦合机理;同时考虑两类边带分量的频率耦合,建立了适用于奈奎斯特频率以上的VSC多频耦合输入导纳模型;分析了PWM采样方式、抗混叠滤波器截止频率对VSC输入导纳的影响规律。基于硬件在环仿真平台的频率扫描和稳定性分析结果,验证了计及边带分量频率耦合的VSC输入导纳模型和相关理论分析的准确性。

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关键词 ：电压源型变换器, 采样, 脉冲宽度调制, 边带分量, 输入导纳

Abstract：

Under the background of high proportion of renewable energy and high proportion of power electronic equipment access, the harmonic pollution and coupling resonance characteristics in the distribution grid gradually expand to the high frequency band. The controller sampling process and pulse width modulation (PWM) process of voltage source converter (VSC) have sideband effect. When the frequency of the disturbance signal exceeds the Nyquist frequency, the amplitude of the sampling and PWM sideband components will be higher than the original disturbance due to the influence of spectrum aliasing and the low-pass filtering characteristics of the controller, resulting in an obvious frequency coupling effect between the sideband components and the disturbance, thus affecting the VSC input admittance characteristics. In the analysis of high-frequency resonant characteristics, the existing single frequency impedance model of VSC based on switching cycle averaging is difficult to meet the impedance modeling accuracy requirements above Nyquist frequency. Therefore, this paper analyzes the frequency coupling mechanism between the sideband component and disturbance generated by VSC controller sampling and PWM link; Considering the frequency coupling of two kinds of sideband components, the VSC multi-frequency coupling input admittance model above Nyquist frequency is established.
Firstly, the generation mechanism of VSC sampling sideband component and PWM sideband component and the frequency coupling mechanism with disturbance are analyzed. Under the action of sideband effect, sampling sideband component, PWM sideband component and disturbance signal realize frequency coupling through feedback loop between VSC control system and physical circuit, thus affecting VSC port impedance characteristics. Considering the suppression effect of ZOH and filter on high frequency components in the sideband, the model can only retain ω_s–ω_p and ω_c–ω_p–ω₀ sideband component. Considering the influence of current inner loop control, system voltage feedforward control, controller calculation delay effect, the sampling procedure and PWM modulation, the multi-frequency input admittance model of VSC is established. A grid connected VSC hardware in the loop simulation platform is built to verify the theoretical analysis result. The input admittance model which takes into account the frequency coupling of sidebands is basically consistent with the frequency scanning results of hardware in the loop simulation. When the frequency coupling effect of sampling and PWM sidebands is ignored, the amplitude and phase angle characteristics of the input admittance model have certain errors in the frequency bands near and above the Nyquist frequency, which proves the necessity of this study.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis: (1) The VSC multi-frequency coupling input admittance model considering the coupling effect of sampling and PWM sideband components has higher accuracy in the high frequency band above Nyquist frequency. (2) Both the sampling sideband component and PWM sideband component will affect the admittance characteristics of VSC in the high frequency band, but the influence of sampling sideband component on the admittance characteristics of VSC in the high frequency band is more significant. (3) The anti-aliasing filter can significantly suppress the frequency coupling effect of sampling and PWM sideband components. When the cut-off frequency of the anti-aliasing filter is low, the influence of sideband frequency coupling effect on VSC input admittance can be ignored. 4) The sampling mode of PWM modulation has a significant impact on the impedance characteristics of VSC. On the one hand, the delay effect caused by different sampling modes is different, and on the other hand, the nonlinear characteristics of PWM modulation are different due to different sampling modes.

Key words： Voltage source converter sampling pulse width modulation sideband component input admittance

收稿日期: 2022-10-31

PACS:

TM464

基金资助:

南方电网公司科技资助项目（090000KK52220014/ SZKJXM20220021）

通讯作者: 陶顺女,1972年生,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为智能配电网与电能质量。E-mail：tao_shun@sina.com

作者简介: 徐少博男,1994年生,博士研究生,研究方向配电网电能质量。E-mail：13021085107@163.com

引用本文:

徐少博, 徐永海, 陶顺, 王莹鑫, 张华赢. 计及边带分量频率耦合的电压源型换流器输入导纳建模[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 20235419-20235419. Xu Shaobo, Xu Yonghai, Tao Shun, Wang Yingxin, Zhang Huaying. Reaserch on Voltage Source Converter Input Admittance Model Considering Frequency Coupling of Sideband Components. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 20235419-20235419.

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