新型强迫风冷散热结构在高功率密度外转子SPMSM上应用分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221821

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摘要全电动飞机用高功率密度外转子永磁同步电机的损耗主要集中在定子铁心和绕组上,导致传统的强迫风冷方式难以将热量通过机壳、端盖传递到外界。为此,本文提出了一种基于热管技术的高性能冷却系统,该冷却系统充分利用了热管高导热性能,将热管一端插入定子铁心轭部,另一端连接有相应的冷却结构进行散热,并综合对比分析了三种不同散热器结构的散热能力。在此基础上,搭建实验测试平台,对所提出冷却系统的散热能力和平均散热系数进行了实验测试。其次,为了提高电机功率密度,采用单齿铁心绕线工艺,降低绕组铜耗和重量,并对单齿绕线方式下直流铜耗进行解析建模。最后,设计、制作一台22极24槽全电飞机用外转子SPMSM,测试样机在不同飞行工况下的温升分布情况,验证了所提出冷却系统的有效性。

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	于占洋
	胡旭阳
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	王瑾

关键词 ：热管, 高功率密度, 强迫风冷, 外转子表贴式永磁同步电机

Abstract：：With the implementation of ten key areas of made in China 2025, a broad platform has been provided for the development of all-electric aircraft (AEA). At present, some countries and research institutions have developed AEA. However, only a few successful AEAs are published at home and abroad, and the literatures about driving motor for AEA are rarely published. Therefore, the research on driving motor with high power density and high torque density is an important theoretical significance and practical applicationvalue for the development of AEA. For this topic, an outer rotor surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) for two-seat AEA is taken as research object, and its loss distribution, cooling system design and temperature rise characteristic are discussed.
Driving motor for AEA requires high power density and high torque density, which results in an extreme state of magnetic load and electrical load. Therefore, it is important to analyse the accurate calculation of loss and the technology of loss suppression. Firstly, in order to reduce core loss, B35A230 self-bonded silicon steel sheet is used as stator and rotor core, the magnetic property of B35A230 is tested by the method of Epstein frame and ring specimen, and the ratio-loss cruves at different frequency and different flux density are measured. According to the experimental results of ring specimen method, a loss model is adopted to improve accuracy, considering processing factor, alternating and rotating magnetization modes and harmonic magnetic field. Secondly, the influences of slot opening width and axial segment of PM on eddy current loss are analyzed to reduce loss. Finally, in order to shorten the length of winding end and reduce copper loss and weight, the processing method of single-tooth core is adopted to manufacture prototype, and the analytical model of DC copper loss is built.
The loss of outer rotor SPMSM for AEA with high power density is mainly distributed on stator core and winding coils, resulting in traditional forced air-cooled cannot effectively transfer heat to the outside world through the casing and end cover. Due to the limitation of working place, AEA has higher requirement on weight and heat dissipation for driving motor and its cooling system. The thermal problem of driving motor is more prominent, but water cooling and oil cooling will increase aircraft weight. In addition, because the loss of outer rotor SPMSM is mainly concentrated on stator core and winding coils, and the traditional forced air cooling method cannot effectively transfer heat to outside through motor housing and end cover. Therefore, a high performance cooling system based on heat pipe technology is used to solve the problem of excessive temperature rise and weight limitation. One end of heat pipe is inserted into stator core yoke, and the other end is connected with cooling structure. Three kinds of cooling structures are designed. Compared with the weight and heat dissipation of three cooling structures, the sunflower radiator was selected finally. On this basis, an experimental test system is built to test the cooling capacity of proposed cooling system, and the cooling power and average convection coefficient of radiator are obtained under different cooling conditions. It is great significance to solve the overheat problem of driving motor for AEA. Secondly, the distribution of temperature field under different working conditions is analyzed, including the condition of continuous power, peak power, complete operating and shock overload. Finally, a 22-poles 24-slots SPMSM for AEA is designed and manufactured. The temperature rise distribution under different flight conditions is tested, which verified the effectiveness of forced air-cooled system proposed in this paper.

Key words： Heat pipe High power density Forced air-cooled Outer rotor SPMSM

PACS:

TM315

基金资助:辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目资助【基于热管技术的高功率密度PMSM温度场建模与传热特性研究】

引用本文:

于占洋, 胡旭阳, 李岩, 井永腾, 王瑾. 新型强迫风冷散热结构在高功率密度外转子SPMSM上应用分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 97-97. YU Zhanyang, HU Xuyang, LI Yan, JING Yongteng, WANG Jin. Application Analysis of Novel Forced Air-Cooled in Outer Rotor SPMSM with High Power Density. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 97-97.

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