电工技术学报  2023, Vol. 38 Issue (2): 554-562    DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.211586
高电压与放电 |
基于多反馈参量的交流接触器自适应吸持控制策略
刘向军, 杨程, 周煜源
福州大学电气工程与自动化学院 福州 350108
Adaptive Holding Control Strategy of AC Contactor Based on Multiple Feedback Parameters
Liu Xiangjun, Yang Cheng, Zhou Yuyuan
College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
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摘要 交流接触器的吸持大多通过单一控制线圈电流或电压实现,因此无法兼顾可靠吸持和节能运行的要求,该文对交流接触器不可靠吸持特性进行理论分析、建模仿真和实验测试,得到动、静铁心分离过程中线圈感应电动势的变化规律,并以此为基础,提出一种基于多反馈参量的交流接触器自适应吸持控制策略。以交流接触器正常运行中的触头电流、线圈电流以及不可靠吸持发生时线圈的感应电动势为反馈参量,通过对参量的监测并根据不同的工作状态输出相应的控制信号,使接触器即使处于较低的吸持电压下,依然具备较高的吸持稳定性。基于该策略,设计了控制模块并进行实验验证。结果表明,利用该控制策略可以有效实现接触器的节能运行与可靠吸持,减小吸持能耗并提高交流接触器的工作稳定性。
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关键词 交流接触器多反馈参量自适应吸持控制感应电动势    
Abstract:With the extensive use of AC contactors, energy consumption has become a problem that cannot be ignored, in which the coil holding energy consumption is the main source. In order to reduce the energy consumption, the reference value of the holding voltage or current must be as low as possible, and the control system should have the adaptive adjustment function to ensure that the effectiveness of the control is not affected by the aging of the AC contactor or the change of the mechanism characteristics. The closed-loop control mode with coil current feedback can effectively avoid the unreliable holding problem caused by temperature rise by controlling the duty cycle of the coil voltage in real time to keep the coil current at a constant value. However, the closed loop control mode usually uses several times of the critical holding current as the reference value, which will cause additional energy consumption and cannot achieve energy-saving operation in real sense. At the same time, the switching electronic devices in the coil excitation circuit need to be on and off constantly, that will bring additional switching losses. Consequently, giving consideration to both reliable holding and energy saving has become the research focus of holding process control. This paper proposes an adaptive holding control strategy based on multiple feedback parameters, which make the contactor have high holding stability even under low holding current.
Through theoretical derivation, simulation and experiment, this paper analyzes the change rule of induced electromotive force when unreliable holding event occurs, and draws the conclusion that the generation of induced electromotive force is almost synchronous with the occurrence of unreliable holding events, and the time interval from the occurrence of induced electromotive force to the contacts breaking is more than 10ms. During this period of time, it is sufficient for secondary control of the contactor. The topology control circuit of the contactor coil is designed, which can adaptively adjust the holding voltage by using the numerical control switching power supply to meet the needs of AC contactor starting and adaptive holding in the closed-loop control mode.
Taking coil current, contact current and coil induced electromotive force as feedback parameters, an adaptive holding control strategy for AC contactors based on multiple feedback parameters is proposed. Under normal conditions, the contact current and coil current are used as basic feedback parameters to adaptively adjust the holding voltage. If the moving iron core and the static one are separated abnormally, an induced electromotive force of the coil will be generated. When the induced electromotive force reaches a certain threshold, it will be detected by the single chip microcomputer in the control circuit. At this time, the coil is excited strongly by the circuit to make the moving iron core close again to ensure the reliability of the holding.
Based on the control strategy, the control module is designed and tested. The results show that the control module can achieve the following functions. ① When the contact current increases, the holding voltage of the coil can change according to the change amplitude of the contact current, indicating that the control strategy can effectively prevent the unreliable holding of the contactor caused by overload. ② When the coil current drops to a certain threshold, the output voltage of the holding power supply rises, ensuring that the AC contactor can still operate reliably when the coil is powered on for a long time or the coil is heated due to the rise of the ambient temperature. ③ In case of aging of the contactor, change of mechanism characteristics, or unreliable holding of the contactor due to external vibration and other emergencies, the multiple feedback parameter adaptive holding control module will conduct secondary control on the coil based on the induced electromotive force, effectively prevent the separation of moving and static contacts, and ensure the normal operation of the main circuit.
Key wordsAC contactor    multiple feedback parameters    adaptive holding control    induced electromotive force   
收稿日期: 2021-10-05     
PACS: TM572.2  
基金资助:福建省高校产学合作资助项目(2019H6009)
通讯作者: 刘向军 女,1970年生,博士,副教授,研究方向为电器智能测试技术、电接触理论及材料应用。E-mail: liuxj@fzu.edu.cn   
作者简介: 杨 程 男,1996年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电机与电器。E-mail: 549046091@qq.com
引用本文:   
刘向军, 杨程, 周煜源. 基于多反馈参量的交流接触器自适应吸持控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(2): 554-562. Liu Xiangjun, Yang Cheng, Zhou Yuyuan. Adaptive Holding Control Strategy of AC Contactor Based on Multiple Feedback Parameters. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(2): 554-562.
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