基于振动信号多特征值的电力变压器故障检测研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221422

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摘要

在基于振动的电力变压器故障检测领域,现有研究大多是针对某一特定型号或电压等级变压器开展的纵向比较,由此形成的诊断算法泛用性较差。为解决上述问题,该文提出了一种基于振动信号多特征值的电力变压器故障检测方法,搜集整理了不同电压等级、不同型号变压器正常与典型故障下的振动信号,统计了振动主频分布情况,改进了100Hz占比、总谐波畸变率的计算式,分别将两特征值的分类效果提高了79%、76%。提出了两段式故障诊断流程,利用截断正态分布拟合方法与合成少数类过采样技术（SMOTE）对故障数据进行扩充,进一步提高了分类精度。测试结果表明,算法对正常、故障变压器的识别准确度达到92.6%,适用于多变压器的横向诊断和对不同测点、不同工作状态下数据的分类。

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关键词 ：电力变压器, 振动, 特征值, 横向诊断, 两段式诊断

Abstract：

Vibration signal analysis is an essential part of power transformer fault detection. The current researches mainly compare the transformers of a specific type or a single voltage level. The resulting detection algorithm is unsuitable for the transformers of different types, and the generality is poor. This paper proposed a power transformer fault detection algorithm based on vibration multi-eigenvalues to solve the above problem. The vibration signals of transformers under normal, winding deformation, winding loosening, core loosening, and DC magnetic bias statuses were collected, involving a voltage level range of 2~500kV. The above data were classified by using traditional eigenvalues of the 100Hz amplitude proportion, the total harmonic distortion (THD) considering high-frequency proportion and THD without considering high-frequency proportion, to verify whether the traditional eigenvalues have the ability of classification. The interval coincidence degree was used to represent the classification effect. The traditional eigenvalues were interfered by the harmonics of the vibration, and the interval coincidence degree of the classification results were 66%, 70% and 66%, respectively. The results showed that the traditional eigenvalues cannot be used to diagnose the transformers of different types.
According to the analysis of the transformer vibration spectrum, the vibration of core and winding is nonlinear and has an influence on the resonance of mechanical parts. This results in a particular proportion of harmonics in the transformer vibration spectrum under normal operation, which affects the classification effect of eigenvalues seriously.
In order to optimize the eigenvalues, the vibration harmonics of lower frequency were brought into normal range. Firstly, the main vibration frequency distribution of transformers under normal and fault conditions was obtained in this paper, which were distributed within 200~500Hz in normal situations, and were evenly distributed within 150~600Hz in cases of fault. By analyzing various frequency combinations, the 200~400Hz harmonic components were considered as normal situations to maximize the classification effect of the two eigenvalues. The optimized classification interval coincidence degrees of the low-frequency proportion and the upper THD were reduced to 14% and 16%, respectively. The classification accuracy was improved by 79% and 76%, compared with the original eigenvalues.
Because different eigenvalues have different sensitivities to various faults, a two-step fault detection process including primary and secondary diagnosis was proposed to avoid the influence of multiple eigenvalues. The primary diagnosis was based on low frequency proportion, upper THD and vibration entropy, and the SMOTE algorithm was used to expand the fault data to realize the balance of the data set. After that, the truncated normal distribution was used for data fitting and constructing the diagnosis function. By calculating the probability that the sample came from a normal transformer, the result was divided into three categories: normal, uncertain and fault. Based on the odd and even harmonics ratio and the low-frequency odd and even harmonics ratio, the data diagnosed as "uncertain" in the primary diagnosis were further classified by demarcating threshold in the secondary diagnosis. The testing set was used to test the overall algorithm classification effect, and the results showed that the fault diagnosis accuracy was up to 92.6%.
In summary, the method proposed in this paper is suitable for transformer detection with different types, different measuring point distributions and different working conditions.

Key words： Power transformer vibration eigenvalue transverse diagnosis two-step diagnosis

收稿日期: 2022-07-24

PACS:

TM41

基金资助:

国家电网有限公司科技资助项目（5700-202121258A-0-0-00）

通讯作者: 马国明,男,1984年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电气设备在线监测与故障诊断,高电压与绝缘技术。E-mail：ncepumgm@163.com

作者简介: 杜厚贤,男,2000年生,博士研究生,研究方向为电力设备状态检测与故障诊断。E-mail：Du_houxian@163.com

引用本文:

杜厚贤, 刘昊, 雷龙武, 仝杰, 黄建业, 马国明. 基于振动信号多特征值的电力变压器故障检测研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(1): 83-94. Du Houxian, Liu Hao, Lei Longwu, Tong Jie, Huang Jianye, Ma Guoming. Power Transformer Fault Detection Based on Multi-Eigenvalues of Vibration Signal. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(1): 83-94.

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