Electromagnetic Ultrasonic Nonlinear Detection of Aluminum with Plastic Damage Based on Cumulative Effect
Zhang Chuang1,2, Cao Xiaolin1,2, Liu Suzhen1,2, Jin Liang3, Yang Qingxin1,2
1. State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China; 2. Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province School of Electrical Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China; 3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin 300387 China
Abstract：In view of the hot issue, detection of early micro-damage of materials, this paper was based on the wave equation of guided wave propagation in solids and the nonlinear theory of solid mechanics. The finite element analysis of electromagnetic nonlinearity was made based on Murnaghan model. The plastic damage in different degrees was simulated. By observing the changes of the fundamental and second harmonic amplitudes, the cumulative effects of second harmonic was studied; In the experimental aspect, the detection of the intact specimen and damaged specimen was performed. By studying the fundamental and second harmonic amplitude, and the second-order relative nonlinear coefficient, it is verified that the second harmonic generated in the propagation process can be accumulated with the propagation distance, and the second-order relative non-linear coefficient has a good linear relationship with the propagation distance. This method can be used to realize the quantitative detection of the length of the plastic damage region.
张闯, 曹晓琳, 刘素贞, 金亮, 杨庆新. 基于累积效应的铝材塑性损伤电磁超声非线性检测[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(19): 3961-3967.
Zhang Chuang, Cao Xiaolin, Liu Suzhen, Jin Liang, Yang Qingxin. Electromagnetic Ultrasonic Nonlinear Detection of Aluminum with Plastic Damage Based on Cumulative Effect. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(19): 3961-3967.
[1] Matlack K H, Kim J Y, Jacobs L J, et al.Review of second harmonic generation measurement techniques for material state determination in metals[J]. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, 2015, 34(1): 273-296. [2] Kim G, In C W, Kim J Y, et al.Air-coupled detection of nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves in concrete—application to microcracking detection[J]. Ndt & E International, 2014, 67(4): 64-70. [3] 张剑锋, 轩福贞, 项延训. 材料损伤的非线性超声评价研究进展[J]. 科学通报, 2016, 61(34): 1536-1550. Zhang Jianfeng, Xuan Fuhzen, Xiang Yanxun.Evaluation of material damage using nonlinear ultrasonic wave[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2016, 61(34): 1536-1550. [4] 聂君锋, 汤镇睿, 张海泉, 等. 基于位错密度的体心立方晶体塑性本构模型[J]. 清华大学学报:自然科学版, 2017, 57(7): 780-784. Nie Junfeng, Tang Zhenrui, Zhang Haiquan, et al.Crystal plasticity constitutive model for BCC based on the dislocation density[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University: Science and Technology, 2017, 57(7): 780-784. [5] Chillara V K, Ren Baiyang, Lissenden C J.Guided wave mode selection for inhomogeneous elastic waveguides using frequency domain finite element approach[J]. Ultrasonics, 2016, 67(7): 199-211. [6] 张闯, 庞文英, 刘素贞, 等. 电磁加载下铝板闭合裂纹的动态特性分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(7): 2171-2178. Zhang Chuang, Pang Wenying, Liu Suzhen, et al.Dynamic characteristics analysis of closed cracks in aluminum plate under electromagnetic loading[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(7): 2171-2178. [7] Hong Ming, Su Zhongqing, Wang Qiang, et al.Modeling nonlinearities of ultrasonic waves for fatigue damage characterization: theory, simulation, and experimental validation[J].Ultrasonics, 2014, 54(3): 770-778. [8] Lissenden C J, Liu Y, Choi G W, et al.Effect of localized microstructure evolution on higher harmonic generation of guided waves[J]. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, 2014, 33(2): 178-186. [9] Fukuda M, Imano K, Yamagishi H, et al.Detection of the second harmonics of Lamb waves in fatigued magnesium plates[J]. Acoustical Science & Technology, 2011, 32(6): 271-275. [10] 金亮, 寇晓斐, 郭富坤, 等. 基于电磁超声换能器的铁磁材料电磁声发射检测方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(18): 98-105. Jin Liang, Kou Xiaofei, Guo Fukun, et al.Electromagnetic acoustic emission detection method of ferromagnetic materials based on the EMAT[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(18): 98-105. [11] 张军, 朱晟桢, 毕贞法, 等. 基于金属磁记忆效应的高铁轮对早期故障检测[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2018, 39(1): 162-170. Zhang Jun, Zhu Shengzhen, Bi Zhenfa, et al.Early fault detection in high-speed wheel set based on the magnetic memory effects[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2018, 39(1): 162-170. [12] Chillara V K, Lissenden C J.On some aspects of material behavior relating microstructure and ultrasonic higher harmonic generation[J]. International Journal of Engineering Science, 2015, 94(8): 59-70. [13] Chillara V K, Lissenden C.Nonlinear guided waves in plates: a numerical perspective[J]. Ultrasonics, 2014, 54(6): 1553-1558. [14] Hess P, Lomonosov A M, Mayer A P.Laser-based linear and nonlinear guided elastic waves at surfaces (2D) and wedges (1D)[J]. Ultrasonics, 2014, 54(1): 39-55. [15] 黄松岭, 彭丽莎, 赵伟, 等. 缺陷漏磁成像技术综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(20): 55-63. Huang Songling, Peng Lisha, Zhao Wei, et al.Overview of defect magnetic flux leakage imaging technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(20): 55-63. [16] Rueter D, Morgenstern T.Ultrasound generation with high power and coil only EMAT concepts[J]. Ultrasonics, 2014, 54(8): 2141-2150. [17] 李辉, 胡姚刚, 刘盛权, 等. 计及焊层疲劳影响的风电变流器IGBT模块热分析及改进热网络模型[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(13): 80-87. Li Hui, Hu Yaogang, Liu Shengquan, et al.Thermal analysis and improved thermal network model of IGBT module for wind power converter considering solder fatigue effects[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(13): 80-87. [18] Liu Peipei, Sohn H, Kundu T, et al.Noncontact detection of fatigue cracks by laser nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy (LNWMS)[J]. NDT & E International, 2014, 66(12): 106-116. [19] 刘素贞, 张严伟, 张闯, 等. 基于电磁超声双换能器的单模态Lamb波激励方法研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(1): 140-147. Liu Suzhen, Zhang Yanwei, Zhang Chuang, et al.Research on excitation method of single-mode Lamb wave based on electromagnetic acoustic double transducer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(1): 140-147.
2019, Vol. 34 
