Abstract：The wireless power transmission technology is a new power transmission technology, which achieved power transmission without electrical contact from the power supply to the load by electromagnetic effect or energy exchange function. Comparing with the traditional wire transmission technology, it has advantages of safe and reliable and so on, especially in some particular applications. Therefore, it has been more and more attention. Based on the existing research and review, this paper reviews the current research status and application of the four widely used WPT technologies in the near-field coupling and far-field radiation. The near-field coupling technology includes the inductive coupled and magnetically- coupled resonant type mainly, and the far-field radiation technology include the microwave radiation and laser emission type. In this paper, the basic structure and working principle of these four main wireless power transmission techniques are summarized, and the analysis and comparison of these four techniques are carried out firstly. And then the research status of key technology and the critical issues which remain to the solved of the four main wireless power transmission techniques are analyzed, and the application of these techniques in any relevant field, such as transportation, medical electronics, consumer electronics and space solar power and so on, is summarized. Finally, the application prospects and development trend of wireless power transmission technology are discussed.
基金资助:This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61741126,51067002), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System & Advanced Manufacturing Technology(16-380-12-006Z), GUET Excellent Graduate Thesis Program(16YJPYSS02).
范兴明, 高琳琳, 莫小勇, 赵迁, 贾二炬. 无线电能传输技术的研究现状与应用综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(7): 1353-1380.
Fan Xingming, Gao Linlin, Mo Xiaoyong, Zhao Qian, Jia Erju. Overview of Research Status and Application of Wireless Power Transmission Technology. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(7): 1353-1380.
[1] Brown W C.The history of wireless power transmission[J]. Solar Energy, 1996, 56(1): 3-23. [2] Glaser P E.Power from the Sun: Tis Future[J]. Science, 1968, 162(3856): 857-861. [3] Matsumoto H.Research on solar power satellites and microwave power transmission in Japan[J]. IEEE Microwave Magazine, 2002, 3(4): 36-45. [4] Nansen R H.Wireless power transmission:the key to solar power satellites[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 1996, 11(1): 33-39. [5] Green A, Boys J.Inductively coupled power transmission-concept, design, and application[J]. Transactions of the Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand Electrical/mechanical/ chemical Engineering, 1995, 22(1): 1-9. [6] Kurs A, Karalis A, Moffatt R, et al.Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances[J]. Science, 2007, 317(5834): 83-86. [7] Zou Yuwei, Huang Xue liang, Bai Yang, et al. Research on contactless ultrasonic energy transfer system based on PZT[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2011, 26(9): 144-150. (in Chinese) [8] Chen Xiyou, Wu Hongxia, Mou Xianmin, et al.The current-type capacitively coupled wireless power transfer technology[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(9): 2279-2286. (in Chinese) [9] Su Yugang, Xie Shiyun, Tang Chunsen, et al.An electric-field coupled power transfer system with constant voltage output based on T-Π mixed resonant circuit[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(8): 1685-1695. (in Chinese) [10] Yang Xuexia.Overview of microwave power transmission technology and recent progress of rectennas[J]. Chinese Journal of Radio Science, 2009, 24(4): 770-779. (in Chinese) [11] He Tao, Yang Suhui, Zhang Haiyang, et al.Experiment of space laser energy transmission and conversion with high efficiency[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2013, 40(3): 1-6. (in Chinese) [12] Huang Xueliang, Tan Linlin, Chen Zhong, et al.Review and research progress on wireless power transfer technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2013, 28(10): 1-11. (in Chinese) [13] Wu Ying, Yan Luguang, Xu Shangang.Stability analysis of the new contactless power delivery system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2004, 24(5): 63-66. (in Chinese) [14] Zhou Hao, Yao Gang, Zhao Ziyu, et al.LCL resonant inductively coupled power transfer system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(33): 9-16. (in Chinese) [15] Hui Guotao, Wang Hao, Zhao Qiang.Research on electromagnetism coupling efficiency of wireless power transmission system based on scattering matrix[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(14): 463-469.(in Chinese) [16] Chen Xiyou, Xu Kang, Mu Xianmin, et al.Comparisons of inductive coupling and ultrasonic coupling wireless power transfer under seawater[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2018, 22(3): 9-16. [17] Zargham M, Gulak P G.Maximum achievable efficiency in near-field coupled power-transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 2012, 6(3): 228-245. [18] Mai Ruikun, Chen Yang, Liu Yeran.Compensation capacitor alteration based IPT battery charging application with constant current and constant voltage control[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(21): 5816-5821. (in Chinese) [19] Lu Zhenjun, Ma Xiaotian, Tang Wanchun.High Efficiency Wireless power transfer technology based on loading auxiliary coils[J]. Journal of North China Electric Power University, 2018, 45(1): 66-72. [20] Liu Chuang, Guo Ying, Ge Shukun, et al.Characteristics analysis and experimental verification of the double LCL resonant compensation network for electrical vehicles wireless power transfer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(15): 127-135. (in Chinese) [21] Chen Chen, Huang Xueliang, Tan Linlin, et al.Electromagnetic environment and security evaluation for wireless charging of electric vehicles[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(19): 61-67. (in Chinese) [22] Zhang Bo, Shu Xujian, Huang Runhong.The development of inductive and resonant wireless power transfer technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(18): 3-17. [23] Shu Xujian, Zhang Bo.Energy model and characteristic analysis for inductively coupled power transfer system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(2): 28-32. (in Chinese) [24] Schafer C A, Gray D.Transmission media appropriate laser-microwave solar power satellite system[J]. Elsevier Acta Astronautica, 2012, 79(10): 140-156. [25] Raabe S, Covic G A.Practical design considerations for contactless power transfer quadrature pick-ups[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 60(1): 400-409. [26] Budhia M, Covic G A, Boys J T.Design and optimization of circular magnetic structures for lumped inductive power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2011, 26(11): 3096-3108. [27] Massimiliano A, Francesco D, Cristina C, et al.Modeling, fabrication and characterization of micro- coils as magnetic inductors for wireless power transfer[J]. Microelectronic Engineering, 2013, 111: 143-148. [28] Lu Fei, Zhang Hua, Hofmann H, et al.An inductive and capacitive integrated coupler and its LCL compensation circuit design for wireless power transfer[C]//Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, Milwaukee, WI, USA, 2017: 1-5. [29] Raval P, Kacprzak D, Hu A P.Multiphase inductive power transfer box based on a rotating magnetic field[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(2): 795-802. [30] Dai Xin, Li Lu, Yu Xiyu, et al.Multi-degree-of-freedom pick-up mechanism of wireless power transfer systems based on the regular tetrahedron[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(23): 6460-6467. (in Chinese) [31] Dai Xin, Li Lu, Yu Xiyu, et al.A novel multi-degree freedom power pickup mechanism for inductively coupled power transfer system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2017, 53(5): 1-7. [32] Takanashi H, Sato Y, Kaneko Y, et al.A large air gap 3 kW wireless power transfer system for electric vehicles[C]//Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, Raleigh, NC, United states, 2012: 269-274. [33] Hu Chao, Sun Yue, Wang Zhihui, et al.Design of magnetic coupler for Evs’ wireless charging[J]. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 2013, 43(3): 195-205. [34] Huh J, Lee S W, Lee W Y, et al.Narrow-width inductive power transfer system for online electrical vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2011, 26(12): 3666-3679. [35] Choi S Y, Jeong S Y, Gu B W, et al.Ultraslim S-type power supply rails for roadway-powered electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(11): 6456-6468. [36] Nagendra G R, Covic G A, Boys J T.Sizing of inductive power pads for dynamic charging of EVs on IPT highways[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2017, 3(2): 405-417. [37] Hou Jia, Chen Qianhong, Ren Xiaoyong, et al.Time-domain analysis of S/SP compensated contactless resonant converters[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(8): 1983-1992. (in Chinese) [38] Xia Chenyang, Wang Wei, Ren Siyuan, et al.Robust control for inductively coupled power transfer system with coil misalignment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 33(9): 8110-8122. [39] Thenathayalan D, Lee G C, Park J H, et al.High-order resonant converter topology with extremely low-coupling contactless transformers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(3): 2347-2361. [40] Xia Chenyang, Shao Xiang, Li Yuhua, et al.Characteristic research of ICPT system based on double LCL structure for achieving constant frequency, constant current and stable voltage output[J]. Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition), 2016, 48(3): 156-163. (in Chinese) [41] Zhang W, Chris C C.Compensation topologies of high-power wireless power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2016, 65(6): 4768-4778. [42] Swain A K, Devarakonda S, Madawala U K.Modeling, sensitivity analysis, and controller synthesis of multipickup bidirectional inductive power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transaction on Industrial Informatics, 2014, 10(2): 1372-1380. [43] Namadmalan A.Bidirectional current-fed resonant inverter for contactless energy transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(1): 238-245. [44] Shamseh M B, Yuzurihara I, Kawamura A.A 3.2-kW 13.56-MHz Sic passive rectifier with 94.0% efficiency using commutation capacitor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(10): 6787-6791. [45] Xia Chenyang, Zhuang Yuhai, Shao Xiang, et al.A novel inductively coupled power transfer system for multi-load with variable topology[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(4): 953-960. (in Chinese) [46] Dai Xin, Zhou Jikun, Sun Yue.H∞ control method with frequency uncertainty for π type resonant inductive power transfer system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(30): 45-53. (in Chinese) [47] Xia Chenyang, Wang Wei, Chen Guoping, et al.Robust control for the relay ICPT system under external disturbance and parametric uncertainty[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2017, 25(6): 2168-2175. [48] Hsu S L, Tsai N C, Lin C C.An innovative power regulation method applied for wireless magnetic-energy transportation[J]. Mechatronics, 2013, 23(3): 289-296. [49] Michael J N, Swain A K, Madawala U K, et al.An optimal PID controller for a bidirectional inductive power transfer system using multiobjective genetic algorithm[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(3): 1523-1531. [50] Shi Liming, Yin Zhenggang, Jiang Longbin, et al.Advances in inductively coupled power transfer technology for rail transit[J]. CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2017, 1(3): 383-396. [51] Thrimawithana D J, Madawala U K, Neath M.A synchronization technique for bidirectional IPT systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 60(1): 301-309. [52] Ahn D, Hong S.Effect of coupling between multiple transmitters or multiple receivers on wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 60(7): 2602-2613. [53] Yuan Qiaowei, Chen Qqiang, Li Long, et al.Numerical analysis on transmission efficiency of evanescent resonant coupling wireless power transfer system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2010, 58(5): 1751-1758. [54] Ishizaki T, Komori T, Ishida T, et al.Comparative study of coil resonators for wireless power transfer system in terms of transfer loss[J]. IEICE Electronics Express, 2010, 7(11): 785-790. [55] Zhang Fei, Liu Jianbo, Mao Zhihong, et al.Mid-range wireless power transfer and its application to body sensor networks[J]. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 2012, 2(1): 35-46. [56] Cove S R, Ordonez M, Shafiei N, et al.Improving wireless power transfer efficiency using hollow windings with track-width-ratio[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(9): 6524-6533. [57] Uesaka T, Arai H.WPT by a pair of short helical dipoles[C]//Microwave Workshop Series on Innovative Wireless Power Transmission: Technologies, Systems, and Applications, Kyoto, Japan, 2012: 57-60. [58] Park C, Lee S, Cho G H, et al.Innovative 5-m-off-distance inductive power transfer systems with optimally shaped dipole coils[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(2): 817-827. [59] Ji Li, Wang Lifang, Liao Chenglin, et al.Crosstalk study of simultaneous wireless power/information transmission based on an LCC compensation network[J]. Energies, 2017, 10(10): 1606. [60] Huang C C, Lin Chunliang, Wu Yuankang.Simultaneous wireless power/data transfer for electric vehicle charging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017, 64(1): 682-690. [61] Ji Li, Wang Lifang, Liao Chenglin, et al.Simultaneous wireless power/information transmission based on the single coil and dual-band resonant structure[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(4): 791-799. [62] Tang S C, Mc Dannold N J. Power loss analysis and comparison of segmented and unsegmented energy coupling coils for wireless energy transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2014, 3(1): 215-225. [63] Liu Zhu, Chen Zhizhang, Li Jinyan, et al.A shape-reconfigurable modularized wireless power transfer array system for multipurpose wireless charging applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2018, 66(8): 4252-4259. [64] Ye Weiwei, Chen Lu, Liu Fuxin, et al.Analysis and optimization of 3-coil magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system for stable power transmission[C]//IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, Cincinnati, OH, USA, 2017: 2584-2589. [65] Huang Shoudao, Li Zhongqi, Li Yong, et al.A comparative study between novel and conventional four-resonator coil structures in wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2014, 50(11): 1-4. [66] Huang Zhihui, Wang Lin, Zou Jiyan.The influence of coil location parameters to load power in wireless power transmission with two or three relay coils[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(5): 208-214. (in Chinese) [67] Liu Fuxin, Yang Yong, Ding Ze, et al.A multi-frequency superposition methodology to achieve high efficiency and targeted power distribution for multi-load MCR WPT system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018, 33(10): 1-12. [68] Huang Xiaoyan, Gao Yuqing, Zhou Jing, et al.Magnetic field design for optimal wireless power transfer to multiple receivers[J]. IET Power Electronics, 2016, 9(9): 1885-1893. [69] Fu Minfan, Zhang Tong, Ma Chengbin, et al.Efficiency and optimal loads analysis for multiple-receiver wireless power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2015, 63(3): 801-812. [70] Fu Minfan, Zhang Tong, Zhu Xinen, et al.Compensation of cross coupling in multiple-receiver wireless power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2016, 12(2): 474-482. [71] Zhang Yiming, Lu Ting, Zhao Zhengming, et al.Selective wireless power transfer to multiple loads using receivers of different resonant frequencies[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(11): 6001-6005. [72] Liu Fuxin, Yang Yong, Ding Ze, et al.Eliminating cross interference between multiple receivers to achieve targeted power distribution for a multi-frequency multi-load MCR WPT system[J]. IET Power Electronics, 2018, 11(8): 1-8. [73] Jeong I S, Jung B I, You D S, et al.Analysis of S-parameters in magnetic resonance WPT using superconducting coils[J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, 26(3): 1-4. [74] Chung Y D, Lee C Y, Kang H, et al.Design considerations of superconducting wireless power transfer for electric vehicle at different inserted resonators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, 26(4): 1-4. [75] Tian Zijian, Chen Jian, Fan Jing, et al.The wireless power transfer system with magnetic metamaterials[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(12): 1-11. [76] Ahn D, Hong S.Wireless power transfer resonance coupling amplification by load-modulation switching controller[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(2): 898-909. [77] Wang Wei, Huang Xueliang, Tan Linlin, et al.Optimization design of an inductive energy harvesting device for wireless power supply system over head high-voltage power lines[J]. Energies, 2016, 9(4): 242-257. [78] Fu Minfan, Zhang Tong, Ma Chengbin, et al.Wireless power transfer using magnetic resonance coupling:basic considerations and practices[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(S1): 256-262. (in Chinese) [79] Li Zhongqi, Huang Shoudao, Yuan Xiaofang.Optimum efficiency analysis of wireless power transfer system via coupled magnetic resonances with lateral and angular misalignments[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(8): 151-159. [80] Koohestani M, Zhadobov M, Ettorre M.Design Methodology of a printed WPT system for HF-band mid-range applications considering human safety regulations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques, 2017, 65(1): 270-279. [81] Huang Runhong, Zhang Bo, Qiu Dongyuan, et al.Frequency splitting phenomena of magnetic resonant coupling wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2014, 50(11): 1-4. [82] Beh T C, Kato M, Imura T, et al.Automated impedance matching system for robust wireless power transfer via magnetic resonance coupling[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 60(9): 3689-3698. [83] Tiemey B B, Grbic A.Design of self-matched planar loop resonators for wireless nonradiative power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2014, 62(4): 909-919. [84] Yin Jian, Lin Deyan, Lee C K, et al.A systematic approach for load monitoring and power control in wireless power transfer systems without any direct output measurement[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(3): 1657-1667. [85] Jiwariyavej V, Imura T, Hori Y.Coupling coefficients estimation of wireless power transfer system via magnetic resonance coupling using information from either side of the system[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2015, 3(1): 191-200. [86] Chu Jianglong, Li Yuling, Yang Shiyou, et al.High efficiency class-E RF power amplifier for wireless power transfer system[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2014, 34(4): 1-5. (in Chinese) [87] Zhou Hong, Jiang Yan, Hu Wenshan, et al.Review and research on health and safety issues for magnetically-coupled resonant wireless power transfer systems[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(2): 1-12. [88] Jaffe P, Mcspadden J.Energy conversion and transmission modules for space solar power[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2013, 101(6): 1424-1437. [89] Xu Yingjie, Wang Jingqi, Zhu Xiaowei.Investigation on GaN inverse class-f highly efficient power amplifier and linearization[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2012, 34(4): 981-985. (in Chinese) [90] Wu Yang, Xu Zhou, Xu Yong, et al.Experimental study on a high power microwave amplifier driven by low RF power[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(4): 1-6. (in Chinese) [91] Oliveri G, Poli L, Massa A.Maximum efficiency beam synthesis of radiating planar array for wireless power transmission[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61(5): 2490-2499. [92] Park H, Kim H.Effective wireless low-power transmission using a phased array antenna[J]. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2015, 57(2): 421-424. [93] Zhang H Y, Zhang F S, Zhang F, et al.High-power array antenna based on phase-adjustable array element for wireless power transmission[J]. IEEE Antennas & Wireless Propagation Letters, 2017, 16: 2249-2253. [94] Krikidis I, Sasaki S, Timotheou S, et al.A low complexity antenna switching for joint wireless information and energy transfer in mimo relay channels[J]. IEEE Transaction on Communications, 2014, 62(5): 1577-1587. [95] Prete M D, Berra F, Costanzo A, et al.Seamless exploitation of cell-phone antennas for near-field WPT by a frequency-diplexing approach[J]. IET Microwaves Antennas & Propagation, 2017, 11(5): 649-656. [96] Yang S Y, Kim J.Wireless power transmission using dipole rectennas made on flexible cellulose embrane[J]. LET Microwaves Antennas and Propagation, 2012, 6(7): 756-760. [97] Chiou H K, Chen I.High-efficiency dual-band on-chip rectenna for 35 and 94GHz wireless power transmission in 0.13m cmos technology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques, 2010, 58(12): 3598-3606. [98] Ashoor A Z, Almoneef T S, Ramahi O M.A planar dipole array surface for electromagnetic energy harvesting and wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques, 2017, 66(3): 1553-1560. [99] Ma Z, Vandenbosch G A E. Wideband harmonic rejection filtenna for wireless power transfer[J]. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2014, 60(1): 371-377. [100] Zhang Fang, Liu Xin, Meng Fanyi, et al.Design of a compact planar rectenna for wireless power transfer in the ISM band[J]. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2014 (1): 1-9. [101] Erkmen F, Almoneef T S, Ramahi O M.Scalable electromagnetic energy harvesting using frequency-selective surfaces[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques, 2018, 66(5): 2433-2441. [102] Liu Changrong, Guo Yongxin, Sun Hucheng, et al.Design and safety considerations of an implantable rectenna for far-field wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2014, 62(11): 5798-5806. [103] Huang Y, Shinohara N, Mitani T.A Constant efficiency of rectifying circuit in an extremely wide load range[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2014, 62(4): 986-993. [104] Li Wei, Wu Lingyuan, Wang Weiping.Research progress of laser wireless power transmission[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2018, 55(2): 79-88. [105] Luo Wei, Dong Wenfeng, Yang Huabing, et al.Development trend of high power lasers[J]. Laser and Infrared, 2013, 43(8): 845-852. [106] Kim S M, Kim S M.Wireless optical energy transmission using optical beamforming[J]. Optical Engineering, 2013, 52(4): 1-5. [107] Liu Qingwen, Wu Jun, Xia Pengfei, et al.Charging unplugged: will distributed laser charging for mobile wireless power transfer work?[J]. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 2016, 11(4): 36-45. [108] Zhang Qingqing, Fang Wen, Liu Qingwen, et al.Distributed laser charging: a wireless power transfer approach[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2017, 5(5): 3853-3864. [109] Motohiro T, Takeda Y, Ito H, et al. Concept of the solar-pumped laser-photovoltaics combined system and its application to laser beam power feeding to electric vehicles[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2017, 56(8S2): 08MA07. [110] Wang Zilong, Zhang Hua, Liu Yefeng, et al.Detailed analysis of electrical characteristics of an InGaP/lnGaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cell[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(27): 168-174. (in Chinese) [111] He T, Yang S H, Munor M A, et al.High-power high-efficiency laser power transmission at 100m using optimized multi-cell GaAs converter[J]. Chinese Physics Letters, 2014, 31(10): 59-65. [112] Schafer C A.Continuous adaptive beam pointing and tracking for laser power transmission[J]. Opt Express, 2010, 18(13): 13451-13467. [113] Yin Chengke, Polin H.Wireless power transfer for implantable ventricular assistance: a review[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(19): 103-109. (in Chinese) [114] Huang Xueliang, Wang Wei, Tan Linlin.Technical progress and application development of magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(2): 2-14. Corresponding author :Fan Xingming male, born in1978, Ph.D., professor, major research interest include intelligent apparatus, electrical measurement and high-voltage technology.E-mail:fanxm_627@163.com
2019, Vol. 34 
