基于分裂倍增式的多电平变换器电路拓扑

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250539

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摘要针对传统多电平拓扑推演方法需要使用较多的全控器件才能满足多电平输出的不足问题,提出一种基于分裂倍增式的多电平拓扑构造方法。该方法以三电平拓扑中交流侧全桥或半桥作为根节点,采用新型双向开关管作为构造单元,以分裂倍增原则进行搭建可得到多电平输出的效果。所得多电平拓扑采用较少的全控器件即可实现多电平功能,整体采用模块化构造,易于电平数扩展。为便于理解,该文以构造三种新型多电平拓扑电路为例,对所提多电平拓扑构造方法进行详细说明。另外对所推导的多电平拓扑电路进行工作原理及建模分析,同时对拓扑器件数量、损耗进行对比分析,进而说明该拓扑构造方法的优越性。为更好地推广该拓扑电路的应用,设计统一多电平调制方法和直流侧电容平衡控制器,通过搭建1 kW/400 V实验样机,验证分裂倍增式多电平拓扑构造方法的有效性以及所得电路的应用价值。

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关键词 ：多电平变换器, 分裂倍增式, 拓扑构造, 统一调制技术

Abstract：In recent years, multilevel converters have been widely applied in renewable energy and distributed energy resource systems, including electric drive systems for new energy vehicles, power management and optimization in microgrids, and grid integration of offshore wind power. However, traditional multilevel converter topologies require excessive fully controlled devices for high-level output, which results in enormous hardware costs and increased circuit complexity. Consequently, research on multilevel converters with a reduced number of fully-controlled devices, high power density, and high efficiency has become a focal point.
This paper proposes a novel multilevel topology construction approach based on split multiplication. This method utilizes a three-level AC-side full-bridge or half-bridge as the root node and employs a novel bidirectional switch (BS) as the fundamental construction unit. The BS comprises one switch and two diodes, reducing component count and avoiding voltage stress increases. This method achieves multilevel functionality with few fully-controlled devices. It features a modular structure for easy scalability, where the number of output levels N=2^k+2 and required components scale as 2^k⁺¹-2 construction units and 2^k+1 DC capacitors for n expansion stages.
The specific implementation process of the proposed construction method is explained. Subsequently, equivalent mathematical models are established for the three proposed multilevel topologies to precisely capture the electrical characteristics, such as the relationships between voltage levels, current paths, and component interactions within each topology. The number of electronic components (including switches, diodes, and capacitors), the distribution of voltage stress across different elements, and the inherent modularity and expandability of each topology are analyzed. A four-level topology example is further explored in terms of its operating principles, voltage stress across switches, power losses, and modulation strategies. Finally, an experimental prototype is constructed, and test waveforms are measured.
The converter exhibits the following features. (1) As the number of output voltage levels increases, the proposed multilevel topology’s devices are significantly reduced compared to conventional topologies. (2) The inherent modular design of the proposed multilevel topology simplifies circuit architecture and enables straightforward level expansion. (3) A unified carrier-disposition PWM modulation scheme designed for the proposed multilevel topology demonstrates computational simplicity, implementation robustness, and versatile applicability.

Key words： Multilevel converter split multiplication topology construction unified modulation technology

收稿日期: 2025-04-04

PACS:

TM46

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目（52377191）和湖北省自然科学基金面上项目（2024AFB584）资助

通讯作者: 马辉男,1985年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为单相及三相多电平变换器等。E-mail: mahuizz119@126.com

作者简介: 杨晨男,2002年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电力变换器拓扑设计与控制应用。E-mail: 202408540621728@ctgu.edu.cn

引用本文:

马辉, 杨晨, 向昆, 范李萍, 席磊. 基于分裂倍增式的多电平变换器电路拓扑[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(6): 2012-2025. Ma Hui, Yang Chen, Xiang Kun, Fan Liping, Xi Lei. Multilevel Converter Topology Based on Split Multiplication. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(6): 2012-2025.

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