Electromagnetic-Mechanical Coupled Field Calculation and Multi-Parameter Vibration Characteristics of Transformer Windings under Multiple Short-Circuit Impacts
Yang Fan1, Liu Zhi1, Jiang Jinyang1,2, Tan Guanghui1
1. State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China; 2. State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Company Chongqing Electric Power Research Institute Chongqing 401123 China
Abstract：In actual working conditions, the transformer winding is exposed to a long-term vibrating environment, particularly when subjected to a short circuit impact, which significantly exacerbates the vibration of the winding and increases the likelihood of transformer mechanical failure. In the context of promoting the dual-carbon strategy and constructing a new power system, the mechanical stability of transformers is imperative for grid safety. This paper proposes a multi-physics model of electromagnetic forces to analyse the deformation and vibration characteristics of the winding under short-circuit impact. The subsequent section considers the change in geometric and material parameters under the cumulative effect of multiple short-circuit impacts. This is achieved by constructing a coupled electromagnetic-force field model of the winding under multiple short-circuit impacts, which is then used to analyse the dynamic vibration law of the winding under multiple short-circuit impacts. Furthermore, multi-characteristic vibration parameters such as the vibration pulse factor (VPF), frequency energy factor (FCF) and spectrum width factor (SWF) are introduced to describe the dynamic evolution of the cumulative damage to the winding. To verify the proposed method, a transformer normal operating condition test platform and a short-circuit impact test platform were set up. A 35 kV transformer prototype was subjected to a multi-gradient short-circuit impact test, and the results were compared and analysed with the simulation model results. The results demonstrate that under normal operating conditions, the winding spectrum is dominated by 100 Hz, with high-order frequency components that are multiples of 100 Hz, concentrated in the range of 200 Hz to 800 Hz. However, when the winding is subjected to a short-circuit impact, the spectrum is dominated by 50 Hz and 100 Hz, with high-order frequency components that are multiples of 50 Hz, concentrated in the range of 150 Hz to 300 Hz. The high-frequency components attenuate significantly, revealing a strong coupling mechanism between the transient electromagnetic force of the short circuit and the dynamic response of the structure. In the case of multiple impacts, the deformation and vibration of the winding manifest a two-stage characteristic of 'progressive damage-critical instability'. With the increase in the number of impacts, the system vibration mode gradually becomes more complex and unstable, and the incremental plastic deformation prior to instability exhibits a nonlinear decreasing trend, whilst the cumulative deformation continues to increase. At the point of winding instability, the single deformation variable increases significantly. The incorporation of multi-feature parameters, such as the vibration pulse factor, frequency energy factor and spectral width factor, has proven effective in reflecting the dynamic evolution process of winding vibration. In the context of multiple short circuit impacts, the frequency components of 50 Hz and 100 Hz invariably dominate the vibration response, gradually stabilising to account for approximately 72% of the total. The vibration signal exhibits an incremental increase in spectral width, reaching a pronounced peak when the winding becomes unstable, concomitant with the emergence of additional multiple frequency components. It has been demonstrated that the vibration impulse factor increases with the number of short circuits, and decreases by approximately 14.7% when the winding undergoes large deformation due to instability. A quantitative criterion for the winding state under short circuit impact is provided by the collaborative analysis of multiple characteristic parameters.
杨帆, 刘治, 江金洋, 谭广辉. 面向多次短路冲击的变压器绕组电磁-力耦合场计算与多参量振动特性[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(5): 1753-1767.
Yang Fan, Liu Zhi, Jiang Jinyang, Tan Guanghui. Electromagnetic-Mechanical Coupled Field Calculation and Multi-Parameter Vibration Characteristics of Transformer Windings under Multiple Short-Circuit Impacts. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(5): 1753-1767.
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2026, Vol. 41 
