Abstract：With the large-scale integration of renewable energy sources into the grid, the demand for AGC frequency regulation requirement has gradually increased. The rapid growth in the scale of electric vehicles (EVs) shows a considerable frequency regulation capacity and fast and accurate frequency regulation response ability, which can make up for the disadvantage of thermal power units that cannot meet the requirement due to the ramp rate limitation. Therefore, the system requires a certain scale of EVs to cooperate with thermal power units to participate in frequency regulation. At present, the research on the frequency regulation capacity requirement of renewable energy power systems under the large-scale participation of EVs in regulation has the following deficiencies: (1) There is still a lack of a system frequency regulation capacity requirement assessment method that can precisely consider the large-scale participation of EVs in frequency regulation based on data and physics driven model. (2) As a high-quality frequency regulation resource, the impact of the fast response ability of EVs to signals on the frequency regulation capacity requirement of renewable energy power systems is unknown. To address the above issues, the main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) Through the dynamic derivation from the feasible region of a single EV to the feasible interval of large-scale EVs, and the fine-grained characterization of the frequency-regulation capabilities of different types of large-scale EVs through block aggregation. (2) Based on the frequency response model of high-proportion renewable energy power systems, a data and physics hybrid-driven frequency-regulation requirement assessment model considering the participation of large-scale EVs in regulation is proposed. (3) The relative frequency-regulation effect coefficient of EVs is proposed, which can guide grid operators to regulate the proportion of high-quality frequency regulation resources such as EVs in the frequency regulation requirement. The main conclusions from the case simulation results are as follows: (1) In most periods, thermal power units can't fully meet the system's frequency regulation capacity requirement demand. Large-scale EVs need to take on some frequency regulation tasks. Compared with disorderly charging, orderly charging can effectively reduce the gap between source and load, and lower the frequency regulation capacity requirement of the system. Thus, it is very crucial to implement the orderly charging and discharging strategy of electric vehicles guided by price. (2) The system's frequency regulation demand first decreases and then increases as the proportion of EVs in frequency regulation rises. When the EV's proportion is around 30%, the required frequency regulation resource is minimal. Also, stricter frequency standard-deviation limits mean more frequency regulation capacity requirement is needed. (3) The relative frequency regulation utility of EVs compared to thermal power units lessens as the proportion of their frequency regulation capacity requirement increases. Stricter frequency standards enable EVs to better utilize their fast response ability to frequency regulation signals, showing a better regulation effect. This shows that a proper ratio of the two regulation resources is needed for better results, and grid operators should limit the proportion of high-quality resources like EVs in frequency regulation capacity requirement.
刘宝柱, 焦玺玮, 潘羿, 胡俊杰. 计及规模化电动汽车参与调控的系统调频容量需求与效用评估方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(5): 1709-1723.
Liu Baozhu, Jiao Xiwei, Pan Yi, Hu Junjie. Capacity Requirement and Effectiveness Assessment Methodology for System Frequency Regulation Incorporating Large-Scale Electric Vehicles. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(5): 1709-1723.
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2026, Vol. 41 
