Abstract：Bidirectional isolated matrix converter (BIMC) is acknowledged to possess significant application potential in energy storage systems and electric vehicles, owing to its inherent advantages of bidirectional power flow capability and high power density. Traditional BIMC control methods have high switching losses and efficiency limitations. This paper proposed a novel minimum-switching-loss control strategy. The optimal combination of phase-shift angles was selected within the modulation strategy to minimize power-electronic device losses, thereby enhancing the overall converter efficiency across the power operating range. The dual-line-voltage modulation strategy and three established modulation techniques were compared. The number of independently adjustable phase-shift angles was increased, facilitating the implementation of a triple-phase-shift modulation strategy. This enhancement enabled precise, flexible control of power transfer direction and the operating states of the switching devices. In modeling the switching losses of BIMC power electronic devices, the superposition theorem was used to decompose the voltage and current waveforms, and the initial inductor current was determined. This derived initial value was then used to compute the instantaneous switching losses occurring at each switching transition. Consequently, a comprehensive mathematical model characterizing the total switching loss over a fundamental power-frequency cycle was formulated. The functional relationship between cumulative switching loss and the applied phase-shift angles was established under the dual-line-voltage modulation framework. The sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm solves the nonlinear constrained optimization problem. Input power specifications and permissible ranges for phase shift angles were defined as the primary constraints. The optimal combination of phase-shift angles was dynamically computed in real time. This optimal set was then applied to generate pulse-width modulation (PWM) control signals. Furthermore, during the experimental phase, calorimetric techniques were employed to obtain highly accurate measurements of transformer core and copper losses. This methodology provided a reliable foundation for precisely isolating power electronic device switching losses from the aggregate system power dissipation. The proposed control strategy was evaluated through Matlab/Simulink simulations and experimental validation on a 1.5 kW BIMC prototype platform. Key performance metrics, including grid-side current quality, input power factor, DC-link stability, and system efficiency, were assessed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method generates a near-sinusoidal grid-side current with a total harmonic distortion (THD) below 3.38%, achieving a unity power factor operation and ensuring stable DC-link voltage and current. Experimental results demonstrate that the grid current THD consistently measures less than 3.38%. The overall converter efficiency remains above 94% across a wide load range, reaching a peak of 96.89%.
梅杨, 石仪, 张家奇. 双向隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器最小开关损耗控制方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(4): 1414-1424.
Mei Yang, Shi Yi, Zhang Jiaqi. Minimum Switching Loss Control Method for Bidirectional Isolated AC-DC Matrix Converters. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(4): 1414-1424.
[1] 周湛清, 谢琦坤, 马朝磊, 等. 基于参考电压修正的双级矩阵变换器Delta-Sigma调制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(10): 3070-3081. Zhou Zhanqing, Xie Qikun, Ma Chaolei, et al.Delta- Sigma modulation of two stage matrix converter with reference voltage correction[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(10): 3070-3081. [2] Fang Fanxiu, Tian Hao, Li Yunwei.Coordination control of modulation index and phase shift angle for current stress reduction in isolated AC-DC matrix converter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, 36(4): 4585-4596. [3] 梅杨, 吕宁, 魏铮. 间接矩阵变换器-双异步电机调速系统的模型预测控制权重因数整定[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(23): 7554-7565. Mei Yang, Lü Ning, Wei Zheng.Model predictive control weight factor tuning method for indirect matrix converter-double induction motors speed control system[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2024, 39(23): 7554-7565. [4] 鲁紫荆, 李珊瑚, 操孙鹏, 等. 一种大幅度减小间接矩阵变换器高频共模电压的调制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(16): 4366-4375. Lu Zijing, Li Shanhu, Cao Sunpeng, et al.A modulation strategy for simultaneously reducing high-frequency common-mode voltage of indirect matrix converter[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2023, 38(16): 4366-4375. [5] 汪锦良, 李志忠, 黄乔俊, 等. 基于SVM+PS调制的双向AC/DC矩阵变换器[J]. 电力电子技术, 2024, 58(3): 104-107. Wang Jinliang, Li Zhizhong, Huang Qiaojun, et al.A bidirectional AC-DC matrix converter based on SVM+PS modulation[J]. Power Electronics, 2024, 58(3): 104-107. [6] 梅杨, 黄伟超, 刘子毓. 矩阵式隔离型双向AC-DC变换器控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(12): 2499-2506. Mei Yang, Huang Weichao, Liu Ziyu.Bidirectional and isolated AC-DC converter based on reduced matrix converter[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2019, 34(12): 2499-2506. [7] 李志轩, 刘桂英, 明旺. 隔离型双向AC-DC矩阵变换器闭环控制方法研究[J]. 电工材料, 2024(2): 33-37, 43. Li Zhixuan, Liu Guiying, Ming Wang.Research on closed-loop control method of bidirectional isolated AC-DC matrix converter[J]. Electrical Engineering Materials, 2024(2): 33-37, 43. [8] 梅杨, 张家奇. 基于无差拍预测算法的双向隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器高动态电流控制策略[J]. 高电压技术, 2024, 50(3): 1090-1099. Mei Yang, Zhang Jiaqi.High dynamic current control strategy for bidirectional isolated AC-DC matrix converter based on deadbeat predictive algorithm[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2024, 50(3): 1090-1099. [9] 梅杨, 鲁乔初, 黄伟超. 双向隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器的软开关复合调制策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(7): 2474-2484. Mei Yang, Lu Qiaochu, Huang Weichao.Soft- switching composite modulation strategy for bidi- rectional isolated AC-DC matrix converters[J]. Pro- ceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(7): 2474-2484. [10] Varajão D, Araújo R E, Miranda L M, et al.Modu- lation strategy for a single-stage bidirectional and isolated AC-DC matrix converter for energy storage systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec- tronics, 2018, 65(4): 3458-3468. [11] Sayed M A, Suzuki K, Takeshita T, et al.PWM switching technique for three-phase bidirectional grid-Tie DC-AC-AC converter with high-frequency isolation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018, 33(1): 845-858. [12] Liu Yushan, He Jie, Ge Baoming, et al.A simple space vector modulation of high-frequency AC linked three-phase-to-single-phase/DC converter[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 59278-59289. [13] 白文静, 刘杰, 宁鑫淼, 等. 双向隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器的双极性SVM调制分析[J]. 电工材料, 2023(6): 49-52, 56. Bai Wenjing, Liu Jie, Ning Xinmiao, et al.Modu- lation strategy analysis of bidirectional isolated AC-DC matrix converter[J]. Electrical Engineering Materials, 2023(6): 49-52, 56. [14] Mei Yang, Huang Weichao, Liu Ziyu.Research on control strategy of bidirectional isolated AC/DC matrix converter[C]//2018 IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Expo- sition (PEAC), Shenzhen, China, 2018: 1-4. [15] 梅杨, 赵英鹏, 鲁乔初. 隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器最小电流应力控制方法[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2023, 27(7): 98-110, 121. Mei Yang, Zhao Yingpeng, Lu Qiaochu.Minimum current stress control method for isolated AC-DC matrix converter[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2023, 27(7): 98-110, 121. [16] 梅杨, 许策, 鲁乔初. 基于零矢量嵌入的双向隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器分段同步控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(22): 4784-4794. Mei Yang, Xu Ce, Lu Qiaochu.Piecewise syn- chronous control strategy of bidirectional isolated matrix AC-DC converter based on zero vector embedded[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(22): 4784-4794. [17] 梅杨, 朱妮斯, 许策. 一种面向高频链AC-DC矩阵变换器的高频变压器绕组优化设计方法[J]. 电工电能新技术, 2023, 42(11): 11-20. Mei Yang, Zhu Nisi, Xu Ce.A high frequency transformer winding optimization design method for high frequency AC-DC matrix converter[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2023, 42(11): 11-20. [18] Schrittwieser L, Leibl M, Kolar J W.99% efficient isolated three-phase matrix-type DAB Buck-Boost PFC rectifier[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Elec- tronics, 2019, 35(1): 138-157. [19] 刘赞, 沙金, 邱高峰, 等. 多级离散扩展移相控制双有源桥DC-DC变换器的原理、参数设计与性能[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(12): 3761-3773. Liu Zan, Sha Jin, Qiu Gaofeng, et al.Principle, parameters design and performance of multistage discrete extended-phase-shift control dual active bridge DC-DC converters[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(12): 3761-3773. [20] Mei Yang, Lu Qiaochu, Liu Ziyu.A novel partition- phase-shift control strategy for the isolated bidi- rectional AC/DC matrix converter[C]//2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2020-ECCE Asia), Nanjing, China, 2020: 2490-2494. [21] 马星河, 陈海军, 赵军营, 等. 矩阵变换器双电压调制策略的简化控制[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2018, 30(6): 103-107. Ma Xinghe, Chen Haijun, Zhao Junying, et al.Simplified control under dual-voltage modulation strategy for matrix converter[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2018, 30(6): 103-107. [22] 付强. 基于宽禁带器件的双向隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器损耗特性研究[D]. 北京: 北方工业大学, 2022. Fu Qiang.Research on loss characteristics of bidirectional isolated AC-DC matrix converter based on wide bandgap device[D]. Beijing: North China University of Technology, 2022. [23] Mei Yang, Jin Hao, Lü Ning, et al.Modeling and evaluation of power device loss in the bidirectional isolation AC-DC matrix converter[C]//IECON 2024- 50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Chicago, IL, USA, 2024: 1-6. [24] Gill P E, Kungurtsev V, Robinson D P.A stabilized SQP method: global convergence[J]. IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis, 2017, 37(1): 407-443. [25] Hammami A, Ghayoula R, Gharsallah A.Pattern synthesize of a spherial conformal array antenna by SQP algorithm[C]//2023 IEEE International Work- shop on Mechatronic Systems Supervision (IW_MSS), Hammamet, Tunisia, 2023: 1-5. [26] 骞恒浩, 石鹏飞, 王敏文, 等. 基于改进序列二次规划的非线性控制分配[J]. 兵工自动化, 2022, 41(8): 74-80. Qian Henghao, Shi Pengfei, Wang Minwen, et al.Nonlinear control allocation based on improved sequential quardratic programming[J]. Ordnance Industry Automation, 2022, 41(8): 74-80. [27] Yi Zheyuan, Liu Hanyu, Sun Kai.A novel calori- metric loss measurement method for high-power high-frequency transformer based on surface tempera- ture measurment[C]//2020 4th International Conference on HVDC (HVDC), Xi’an, China, 2020: 645-648.
2026, Vol. 41 
