海上风电低频外送系统故障穿越分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250220

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摘要

海上风电低频外送系统是中远海风电送出场景下具有潜力的方案。但是我国仅有一处海上风电低频送出工程,缺乏实际运行经验,研究成果也较少,尚未系统性识别其故障穿越所面临的问题。本文对工频/低频侧对称与不对称故障特性分析,揭示了低频输电系统故障穿越需要解决的问题,为后续保护与控制策略设计提供参考。除已发现的工频侧对称故障下功率冗余引发桥臂过压,工频侧在不对称故障下存在功率冗余、桥臂电容电压不均衡问题且负序分量影响控制性能等问题外,本文还研究了故障穿越所面临的新问题：换流器阀侧在不对称故障下,零序电压会泄露到对侧;低频侧对称故障下,故障穿越期间模块化多电平矩阵变换器（M3C）存在功率反转、恢复期间低频系统存在过电压问题,但穿越期间M3C电容不存在过压问题;低频故障期间电压-频率控制切换为矢量控制,低频有功与无功功率存在耦合问题;低频侧不对称故障下,故障期间存在桥臂电容电压不均衡、非故障相过压问题,以及低频侧与风电场网侧同时采取负序抑制为零的策略可能导致的过压问题。上述这些新问题在以往柔性低频输电故障穿越研究尚未涉及,是M3C实际运行和未来理论研究亟需解决的问题。

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关键词 ：模块化多电平矩阵变换器, 海上风电低频输电系统, 故障分析, 海上风电

Abstract：

Fault ride-through of flexible low-frequency transmission is an important issue that needs to be addressed in future applications. During the fault process, it is necessary to ensure the safe operation of the modular multilevel matrix converters (M3C), prevent overcurrent, overvoltage and overcapacity from triggering protection actions and cutting off the M3C, which would prevent the system from crossing the fault. There is only one recent demonstration project for low-frequency transmission of offshore wind power in China, and there is a lack of operational experience in fault ride-through of flexible low-frequency transmission. However, existing literature studies on fault ride-through of flexible low-frequency transmission mainly focus on the power redundancy and unbalanced bridge arm capacitor voltage during the fault period, but lack a systematic analysis of other problems faced by the system during the fault period. This paper systematically analyzes the possible problems faced during fault ride-through of flexible low-frequency transmission to provide a reference for the design of subsequent protection and control strategies.
Firstly, the mathematical model and control strategy of M3C are introduced, and a detailed model of the low-frequency transmission system for offshore wind power is established. Secondly, the transient characteristics of M3C are analyzed through simulation of symmetrical and asymmetrical faults on the fundamental frequency side and low-frequency side of M3C. Finally, based on the transient characteristics of the system under fault conditions, the problems faced by the system in achieving fault ride-through are summarized.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis: (1) Under symmetrical faults on the fundamental frequency side, the main problem faced is the over-limitation of M3C capacitor voltage due to power redundancy. Under asymmetrical faults on the fundamental frequency side, the system faces problems of power redundancy and unbalanced bridge arm capacitor voltage during the fault period, as well as the impact of negative sequence components on system control performance during the fault period. Negative sequence component control can be introduced on the fundamental frequency side system to achieve different negative sequence control objectives. (2) Under symmetrical faults on the low-frequency side, during the fault ride-through period, M3C experiences power reversal, and during the recovery period, the low-frequency system experiences overvoltage problems, but the capacitor of M3C does not experience overvoltage during the ride-through period. During the low-frequency fault period, voltage-frequency control switches to vector control, and there is a coupling problem between low-frequency active and reactive power. Under asymmetrical faults on the low-frequency side, during the fault period, there are problems of unbalanced bridge arm capacitor voltage and overvoltage on the non-fault phase during the ride-through period. Moreover, the strategy of simultaneously suppressing the negative sequence to zero on the low-frequency side and the wind farm grid side may lead to overvoltage problems. (3) Under asymmetrical faults, zero-sequence voltage leaks to the opposite side on the valve side of the converter.

Key words： modular multilevel matrix converters low-frequency transmission systems for offshore wind power fault analysis offshore wind power

收稿日期: 2025-02-14

PACS:

TM614

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（51977098）

通讯作者: 陈武晖男,1974年生,博士,教授,主要研究方向：电力系统分析与控制。E-mail：chenwuhui@tyut.edu.cn

作者简介: 高晨景男,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向电力系统分析与控制。E-mail：chenjinggao2025@163.com

引用本文:

高晨景, 陈武晖, 张庚午, 焦美睿. 海上风电低频外送系统故障穿越分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 20250220-20250220. Gao Chenjing, Chen Wuhui, Zhang Gengwu, Jiao Meirui. Fault Ride-through Analysis of Offshore Wind Power Low-frequency Transmission System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 20250220-20250220.

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