Review of Research on Wideband Voltage Measurement Methods ased on Voltage Transformer
Yang Ming1, Zhu Haoshuai1, Zou Binyang2, Sima Wenxia1, Feng Yu3, Zhao Xiaolin4, Zhang Yu5
1. State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China; 2. State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Research Institute Chongqing 401121 China; 3. Wuhan Branch of China Electric Power Research Institute Wuhan 430074 China; 4. China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192 China; 5. State Grid Hubei Electric Power Research Institute Wuhan 430071 China
Abstract：With a high proportion of new energy and power electronic equipment access to the power grid, the ability of the power grid to regulate voltage is weakened. The wideband voltage with a wide frequency band and high amplitude has appeared in the power system, posing a serious threat to the power system. As the most widely used voltage measuring device in substations, voltage transformers have high precision when measuring power frequency voltage. However, the wideband voltage in the power system is far beyond the effective measuring range of the voltage transformer, voltage transformers have significant errors when measuring the wideband voltage, which cannot provide accurate voltage information for studying propagation, suppression, and tracing of the wideband voltage. Firstly, this paper describes the principle and process of wideband voltage sensing, including the forward voltage sensing problem (primary voltage conversion to secondary voltage) and the inverse voltage sensing problem (secondary voltage conversion to primary voltage). On this basis, the existing wideband voltage measurement methods are divided into the direct measurement methods in physical space and the indirect measurement methods in digital space. Then, after introducing the structure and measurement principle of the voltage transformer, the measurement distortion mechanism of the voltage transformer is analyzed. The distortion of the secondary voltage waveform of the voltage transformer is divided into nonlinear distortion and frequency response distortion, the former is caused by the nonlinear magnetizing characteristics of the core, and the latter is caused by the capacitor effect and eddy current effect. Secondly, according to the measurement principle, the existing wideband voltage measurement methods based on voltage transformer are divided into the structural transformation methods and the inverse compensation methods. Among them, the structural transformation methods expand the measurement frequency band of the voltage transformer by installing capacitors or current sensors, and the inverse compensation methods calculate the primary voltage from the secondary voltage of the voltage transformer by solving the inverse function of voltage transfer characteristics. Then, this paper introduces the wideband voltage measurement methods based on voltage transformer from the aspects of measurement principle, research progress, and application range. The limitations of existing wideband voltage measurement methods based on voltage transformer are analyzed in measurement performance, parameter identification, and engineering application. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the structural transformation methods and the inverse compensation methods are compared and summarized. Although the structural transformation methods enable the voltage transformer to have certain wideband voltage measurement capabilities, it still cannot measure some wideband voltages with frequency bands up to MHz, and the requirements for the performance of the modified components are strict, which leads to high costs. The effective frequency band of the inverse compensation methods can reach up to MHz, and there is no need to add new power primary equipment or have a structural transformation of the voltage transformer, which means low cost and easy application. However, Compared to the structural transformation methods, the measurement accuracy of the inverse compensation methods needs enhancement. The future research direction of wideband voltage measurement is prospected, such as designing a voltage transformer with a new structure and adding a temperature characterization unit to the wideband model of the voltage transformer.
杨鸣, 朱豪帅, 邹滨阳, 司马文霞, 冯宇, 赵晓林, 张宇. 基于电压互感器的宽频电压测量方法研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(7): 2247-2266.
Yang Ming, Zhu Haoshuai, Zou Binyang, Sima Wenxia, Feng Yu, Zhao Xiaolin, Zhang Yu. Review of Research on Wideband Voltage Measurement Methods ased on Voltage Transformer. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(7): 2247-2266.
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2025, Vol. 40 
