基于故障区域拟合系数的双馈风场送出线路纵联差动保护方案

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.242062

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摘要

双馈风机（DFIG）受换流器控制策略的影响,其故障电流呈现幅值受限、相角受控等特点,使得基于同步电源电流特性的传统纵联差动保护性能下降。为此,本文提出一种基于故障区域拟合系数的电流差动保护方案。首先,根据线路两端电流幅值系数构造虚拟制动电流,利用系统侧及风场侧电流相量的复数域关系建立动作边界模型,得出了在区内外故障下故障点在复平面的分布特征。在此基础上,推导了边界模型与过渡电阻及制动系数的偏微分方程,通过拟合暂态时域故障点下的故障边界自适应调整保护判据。最后,基于实时数字仿真器（RTDS）进行了验证,结果表明所提方案可在暂态时域内自适应调整动作方程,耐受过渡电阻能力可达300 Ω,其暂态时域内的灵敏度显著高于传统纵联差动保护,并对转换性故障具有更强的适应性。

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	侯冰
	李轶凡
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	李慧

关键词 ：风电场送出系统, 电流差动保护, 暂态时域, 故障边界模型, 故障区域拟合系数

Abstract：

Doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) are widely used in onshore wind farms. Fault currents in DFIGs are characterized by amplitude limitation and phase angle control, degrading conventional current differential protection based on synchronous power source characteristics. This paper proposes a differential protection scheme using fault region fitting coefficient. It constructs virtual restraint current based on double-end current amplitude coefficients to balance amplitude. An operating boundary model is built using complex domain current vector relationships, determining fault point distribution in the complex plane under internal and external faults. The scheme then constructs the fault boundary in the transient time-domain by deriving trends with transition resistance and restraint coefficient, and adaptively adjusts protection criteria.
Firstly, a pilot differential protection scheme based on the fitting coefficient of the fault area is proposed using the transient current information after the fault. To eliminate the differential dead zone problem caused by the weak infeed current on the DFIG side, a virtual restraint current is introduced. Then, based on the differential equation containing the virtual current, a boundary model that can characterize the fluctuation characteristics of the transient current is constructed, and the distribution characteristics of the fault point on the complex plane under both internal and external faults are analyzed through the boundary model. Subsequently, the relationship between the basic parameters of the boundary model and the restraining coefficient, as well as the ratio of the current amplitudes at both ends, is derived using partial differential equations. On this basis, the critical tangential relationship between the transient fault point fitting curve and the boundary circle is utilized to obtain the solving equation for the adaptive fitting coefficient. This equation is used to adjust the restraint level of the differential equation, thereby locking the fault point within the operating region. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed protection scheme under various fault conditions is verified using a Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS).
The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis:(1) Compared to traditional models, the proposed protection scheme has low dependence on short-circuit levels. By introducing the ratio of the current amplitudes at both ends to regulate the restraining current, the scheme weakens the differential dead zone problem caused by the weak infeed current on the wind farm side, thereby improving the applicability of the current balance law during internal faults. (2) The proposed model can also simultaneously ensure high-speed operation and reliability. The protection operating equation is adaptively set based on transient electrical information, allowing for fault clearance using only 8 ms of fault current information during the transient time domain. It maintains high reliability even with a 300Ω transition resistance. (3) The protection setting scheme employs a qualitative rather than quantitative analysis method, providing good adaptability for converter units using mainstream control strategies. Additionally, this method relies solely on current information, eliminating the need for additional voltage transformers, and thus offers high economic efficiency.

Key words： Renewable energy transmission systems current differential protection transient stage fault boundary model fault region fitting coefficient

收稿日期: 2024-11-15

PACS:

TM773

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目（52207100）

引用本文:

侯冰, 李轶凡, 覃岚莎, 汪序亮, 李慧. 基于故障区域拟合系数的双馈风场送出线路纵联差动保护方案[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 2062-. Hou Bing, Li Yifan, Qin Lansha, Wang Xuliang, Li Hui. Current Differential Protection for Wind Farm Transmission Line Based on Fault Region Fitting Coefficient. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 2062-.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.242062 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y0/V/I/2062

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