基于等效同步机的新能源基地同步调相机暂态功角失稳机理和稳定裕度分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241690

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摘要

在大型新能源基地中配置同步调相机是提高新能源承载能力的一种有效的技术方案,然而该方案中调相机存在暂态功角失稳风险。现有文献针对特定工况下的调相机暂态失稳问题开展了分析,但并未综合考虑系统参数对调相机功角特性的影响,导致不同失稳形态下的暂态失稳机理缺乏系统的理解。为此,本文拟从能量视角分析系统功率传递关系并建立等效同步机模型,借鉴传统同步机暂态稳定的分析方法,归纳并分析调相机不同失稳形态背后的暂态失稳机理。首先,解析了调相机功角特性并给出了等效同步机建模方法;其次,基于等效同步机模型和传统同步机的能量函数给出了系统的能量函数,随后分析了暂态期间系统能量转化过程并揭示了调相机暂态失稳机理。研究表明,调相机暂态期间存在首摆失稳和二摆失稳两种形态,前者与传统同步机失稳形态类似,后者经历首摆减速而二摆加速失稳的过程且存在与前者不同的失稳边界;再次,通过分析系统参数对调相机失稳形态和系统稳定裕度的影响,为系统稳定提升控制设计提供了理论基础;最后,通过电磁暂态仿真验证了所提失稳机理以及影响因素分析的正确性。

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	单永鹏
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关键词 ：新能源基地, 同步调相机, 等效同步机, 暂态功角稳定性, 能量函数

Abstract：

Configuring synchronous condensers (SCs) in large renewable energy base is an effective technical solution to improve the carrying capacity of renewable energy. However, there is a risk of transient power angle instability of the SC in this scheme. Existing literatures have analyzed the transient instability of the SC under specific operating conditions, but they have not comprehensively considered the influence of system parameters on the power angle characteristics of the SC, resulting in a lack of systematic understanding of the transient instability mechanism of the SC under different instability forms. In order to solve the above problems, this paper intends to summarize and analyze the transient instability mechanism behind the different instability forms of the SC based on the equivalent synchronous generator model, quantify the change boundary of the instability forms of the SC and the transient stability margin of the system under the different instability forms by drawing on the analysis methods of transient stability of the traditional synchronous generator.
Firstly, the power angle characteristics of the SC are analyzed based on the equivalent model of the associated system of a renewable energy base co-located with a SC and the Thévenin equivalent method. Subsequently, the active power transfer relationship between the equipment and the grid is analyzed, and the equivalent synchronous generator modeling method is provided. Secondly, the energy function of the associated system is developed based on the equivalent synchronous generator model and the energy function of the traditional synchronous generator. The energy conversion process of the system during the transient period is analyzed, and at the same time, the transient instability forms and mechanisms of the SC are summarized and revealed. Thirdly, based on the unbalanced power borne by the rotor during the fault period, the boundary conditions leading to changes in the instability forms of the SC are quantified. The transient stability margin of the system under different instability forms are derived based on the energy function and the critical clearance time (CCT), and the influence of the system parameters on the instability forms and transient stability margin of the SC is analyzed. Finally, the correctness of the proposed instability mechanisms and the analysis of the influencing factors are verified through electromagnetic transient simulations.
The following conclusions can be drawn: 1) Under different operating conditions, there are two types of instability forms of the SC: first-swing accelerated instability and first-swing decelerated and second-swing accelerated instability. The former is similar to the transient instability process of the traditional synchronous generator. The latter accumulates potential energy in the first swing stage and converts the potential energy into kinetic energy in the second swing stage. 2) The transient stability boundaries of the SC under the two types of instability forms are different. In the first-swing instability form, there is one CCT, and the system is unstable when the fault clearance time is larger than the CCT. In the second-swing instability form, there are two CCTs, and the system is unstable when the fault clearance time is in the middle of the two CCTs. 3) Since reducing the unbalanced power borne by the SC during the fault helps improve the transient stability of the system, renewable energy should adjust its power output by reducing active power and increasing reactive power under the first-swing instability form, while increasing active power and reducing reactive power under the second-swing instability form. In addition, increasing the capacity proportion of the SC or improving system strength will help improve the transient stability of the SC.

Key words： Renewable energy base synchronous condenser equivalent synchronous generator transient power angle stability Lyapunov energy function

收稿日期: 2024-09-27

PACS:

TM712

基金资助:

国家电网有限公司科技项目资助（SGNW0000FGJS2400312）

通讯作者: 辛焕海男,1981年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为交直流混联电力系统和高比例新能源电力系统稳定性分析和控制。E-mail：xinhh@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 单永鹏男,2001年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为高比例新能源电力系统稳定分析与控制。E-mail：shanyp@zju.edu.cn

引用本文:

单永鹏, 刘昕宇, 汪莹, 郑迪, 辛焕海. 基于等效同步机的新能源基地同步调相机暂态功角失稳机理和稳定裕度分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 1690-. Shan Yongpeng, Liu Xinyu, Wang Ying, Zheng Di, Xin Huanhai. Transient Power Angle Instability Mechanism and Stability Margin Analysis of Renewable Energy Base Co-Located with Synchronous Condenser Based on Equivalent Synchronous Generator. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 1690-.

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