基于矩阵变换与模态分析的电缆型配网单相接地故障区段定位

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241234

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摘要

单芯电缆因其质量轻、耐温等级高、输送功率大等优势在城市配网中占比高。针对配网三相单芯电缆多导体耦合的复杂结构,且存在邻近效应与趋肤效应,因而发生单相接地故障时的特征微弱多变,导致复杂配网精准故障定位困难的问题。该文提出一种基于单芯电缆矩阵变换与故障特征模态分析的区段定位方法。首先,针对配网单芯电缆导体与屏蔽层间的复杂耦合,提出了在一定频率条件下实现系统完全解耦的相模变换方法;其次,从本质上分析解耦后各模态信号的暂态故障特征变化情况与量测可行性,从而合理筛选故障特征模态;最后,构建拓扑结构测点分布矩阵、电流α模态极性矩阵和对角元占优的最终判据矩阵,利用矩阵间的信息交互实现逻辑判断,从而在减少测点数量、节省成本的同时实现高精度故障定位。仿真结果表明,该方法不仅能够实现复杂条件下,单相接地故障的精准定位,且与现有方法相比,计算量小、存储容量小、耗时少、时效性高。

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关键词 ：完全解耦, 特征模态, 矩阵变换, 单相接地故障, 配电电缆

Abstract：

Cables in urban distribution networks have advantages such as lightweight, high-temperature resistance, and high transmission power. However, over time, they can be affected by erosion, mechanical forces, and long-term overload operation, leading to insulation degradation and defects. Locating single-phase grounding faults in distribution networks is difficult due to the complex structure and short cable length. Furthermore, the existing decoupling methods for overhead lines and three-core cables are challenging to adapt.
The complex structure of multi-conductor coupling in three-phase single core cables of distribution networks, which is easily affected by proximity and skin effects, and the weak and variable characteristics of single-phase grounding faults in practical applications, as well as the difficulty of precise fault location in complex distribution networks, have not been solved. Many scholars have conducted extensive research in recent years on the precise positioning problem of cable-type distribution networks. Further analysis has found that there are still two problems with existing fault positioning technologies: (1) the multi-conductor structure coupling of three-phase single-core cables in distribution networks is complex, and the electrical parameters are asymmetric, making it difficult to transplant existing decoupling methods. (2) The grid structure of a cable-type distribution network with multiple nodes and short branches makes the refraction and reflection of traveling waves more complex, requiring high hardware requirements for measurement devices and communication equipment, making it difficult to meet both reliability and economy simultaneously.
This paper proposes a section location method based on single-core cable matrix transformation and fault characteristic modal analysis to address the problems of existing methods. Specifically, (1) Based on the complex coupling between the conductor and shielding layer of a single-core cable in the distribution network, a phase mode transformation method is proposed to achieve complete system decoupling under frequency conditions. (2) Analyze the transient fault characteristic changes and measurement feasibility of decoupled modal signals to screen fault characteristic modes reasonably. 3) A topology measurement point distribution matrix, a current alpha mode polarity matrix, and a final criterion matrix dominated by diagonal elements are constructed. The information exchange between matrices is utilized to achieve logical judgment, thereby reducing the number of measurement points and saving costs while achieving high-precision fault location. The simulation results show that this method can accurately position single-phase grounding faults under complex conditions and has advantages such as low computational complexity, small storage capacity, low time consumption, and high timeliness compared to existing methods. The following conclusions have been drawn through research: (1) A matrix transformation method is proposed for three-phase single-core cables to achieve complete decoupling of the cable system. (2) The voltage σ mode and current α mode can be used as fault characteristic modes before and after single-phase grounding faults. (3) By configuring measuring points based on the spatial location of the distribution network, accurate fault section positioning can be achieved while saving costs. 4) This method offers advantages in measuring point configuration, decoupling degree, and resistance to noise interference compared to existing methods. The criterion matrix has low computational complexity and high timeliness, with certain engineering values.

Key words： Complete decoupling characteristic mode matrix transformation single-phase grounding fault distribution cables

收稿日期: 2024-07-16

PACS:

TM77

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52177114,61403127）

通讯作者: 王晓卫男,1983年生,博士,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为配电网故障选线与定位、高阻故障检测、5G在配网中的应用。E-mail：proceedings@126.com

作者简介: 王雪女,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为配电电缆绝缘监测与故障定位、信号处理。E-mail：shield_wx@126.com

引用本文:

王晓卫, 王雪, 王璐, 范林慧, 康乾坤. 基于矩阵变换与模态分析的电缆型配网单相接地故障区段定位[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 1234-. Wang Xiaowei, Wang Xue, Wang Lu, Fan Linhui, Kang Qiankun. Single-Phase Grounding Fault Section Location of the Distribution Cable Networks Based on Matrix Transformation and Mode Analysis. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 1234-.

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