Sensorless Starting Control of Three-Stage Synchronous Machines Based on Improved Synchronous Demodulation Scheme
Cai Zhengyou1, Wei Jiadan1, Hu Wenzhi2, Zhang Zhuoran1, Zhou Bo1
1. Center for More-Electric-Aircraft Power System Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 211106 China; 2. Beijing Shuguang Aviation Electric Co. Ltd Beijing 100028 China
Abstract：Three-stage synchronous machines (TSSM) have been widely employed in the more-electric aircraft due to their mature structure and simple excitation control in the generation mode. They also have the potential to achieve the integrated function of a starter/generator. The rotor position sensor is unnecessary since the TSSM is normally employed as the aircraft's generator. In the starting control mode, the rotor position information is required for current closed-loop control, and the additional encoder or rotary transformer can be installed coaxially. The electromechanical sensor causes poor reliability and low utilization in aviation conditions. Thus, the sensorless control strategy can be a suitable candidate method for TSSM to achieve the starting control function. Due to the specific structure of TSSM, recent literature on sensorless starting control of TSSM focuses on signal injection methods and rotor position demodulation schemes. With the multi-stage TSSM, there are various high-frequency injection methods and the corresponding response signal extraction schemes. Torque ripples exist due to high-frequency signals of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) injections. Although the traditional heterodyne demodulation scheme achieves a high-precision rotor position estimation by adjusting the phase of the decoupling signal, the parameters design for the high-order filter is complex, and the stability of the demodulation scheme is poor. Thus, this paper introduces a high-frequency signal self-injection method based on excitation harmonics concerning the rotating rectifier of TSSM. The corresponding specific filter and the rotor position demodulation strategy are designed. Firstly, considering the multi-stage structure signal transmission of TSSM in the starting control based on the single-phase AC excitation scheme, the characteristics of the second high-frequency harmonics generated by the rotating rectifier are analyzed. High-frequency response signals with rotor position information in the armature windings of the main generator are derived for rotor position estimation. The corresponding torque ripple can be eliminated effectively without additional high-frequency signal injection. Secondly, a synchronous decoupling signal generation method without polarity judgment is proposed to simplify the structure of the signal extraction filter in the synchronous decoupling procedure, and an improved synchronous demodulation structure with the integrated filter is given. The precise harmonic elimination filter (PEF) is adopted to reduce the pole number of the closed-loop system. Accurate high-frequency response signals can be extracted, and the parameter sensitivity can be reduced to enhance the stability of the proposed system. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed improved synchronous demodulation scheme is verified by simulation and experimental results. According to the harmonic spectrum analysis of the armature voltage of the main generator, the 2nd harmonic voltage of the excitation frequency is the largest component, which can be adopted as the self-injected high-frequency signal to the field windings of the main generator. With the proposed control strategy, the error range of rotor position estimation is 0.03~0.14 rad during the starting procedure at the accelerated speed of 20 r/min/s and -0.05~0.07 rad at the constant speed of 100 r/min. The maximum rotor position estimation error of TSSM from 1 Hz to 53 Hz can be limited to 0.1 rad. Thus, the proposed TSSM with the improved synchronous demodulation scheme achieves a high-accuracy rotor position in the wide speed range.
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2024, Vol. 39 
