双馈式抽蓄经VSC-HVDC送出系统振荡特性分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.260490

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摘要

双馈式抽水蓄能机组经电压源型高压直流输电（VSC-HVDC）送出系统涉及多控制回路耦合,在弱电网工况下易引发宽频带振荡。针对此问题,本文首先建立了涵盖水力机械子系统、双馈感应发电机本体、转子侧变流器（RSC）/网侧变流器（GSC）控制、锁相环（PLL）及VSC交流电压双闭环控制的全维小信号状态空间模型,通过特征值分析确定系统的失稳模态。然后,拓展传统稳态相对增益矩阵（RGA）至复频域,推导特定失稳角频率下的动态相对增益矩阵（DRGA）复数矩阵,通过DRGA幅值热力图分析并量化各控制回路间的交叉耦合。最后基于DRGA量化指标对核心控制参数、外送功率及电网强度开展灵敏度分析,明确各参数对系统交互作用的影响规律,并通过电磁暂态仿真予以验证。分析结果表明：低频主导交互为转子侧换流器（RSC）与电压源型换流器（VSC）内环双向耦合,次同步段为PLL对VSC外环单向干扰;控制参数对耦合性能的调制规律具有显著的频段差异性,外送功率增大会全面加剧两频段的回路交互,而电网强度削弱对两频段的激化作用呈现频段差异性,为该级联系统的控制参数整定与稳定性校验提供了量化依据。

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	马燕峰
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	赵书强

关键词 ：双馈式抽蓄, 电压源型换流器（VSC）, 交互作用, 模态分析法, 动态相对增益矩阵（DRGA）

Abstract：

Doubly-fed pumped storage (DFPS) units cascaded with Voltage Source Converter-based High Voltage Direct Current (VSC-HVDC) transmission provide flexible regulation for power systems with high penetration of renewable energy and power electronics, yet introduces complex mechanical-hydraulic dynamics alongside multi-time-scale control loop couplings, and mismatched control parameters or shifting operating points may trigger wideband oscillations under weak grids. Traditional participation factor methods do not explicitly quantify cross-couplings between specific Proportional-Integral (PI) control loops, and existing Relative Gain Array (RGA)-based studies largely target wind-power or inter-station electrical loops, leaving insufficiently characterized the nested coupling between the hydraulic slow dynamics—introduced by the governor, guide-vane mechanism, and penstock—and the fast dynamics of the This paper aims to identify and quantify the dominant cross-coupling paths that drive wideband oscillations in DFPS-VSC-HVDC systems. To investigate these interactions, a full-order small-signal state-space model with 40 state variables is established for the interconnected DFPS and VSC-HVDC system, encapsulating the hydro-mechanical subsystem, the doubly-fed induction machine, the RSC/Grid-Side Converter (GSC) controls, the Phase-Locked Loop (PLL), and the VSC AC-voltage dual closed-loop controls. Eigenvalue analysis identifies ten oscillation modes, among which a low-frequency oscillation (LFO) near 1.9 Hz and a sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) near 48.1 Hz exhibit negative damping and constitute the dominant unstable modes. Participation factor mapping shows that the LFO is strongly correlated with the DFPS PLL, RSC active power control, and VSC inner loop, while the SSO arises from interactions between the PLL and the VSC outer loop. To quantify the exact driving mechanisms, the steady-state Relative Gain Array (RGA) is extended into the complex frequency domain, and the resulting Dynamic RGA (DRGA) matrix captures the pronounced phase shifts and impedance changes at the unstable frequencies. DRGA amplitude heatmaps reveal that, in the 1.9 Hz band, both the RSC current inner loop and the VSC d-axis inner loop lose their independent regulation capability, dominated by strong bidirectional cross-coupling; in the 48.1 Hz band, the PLL imposes a unidirectional cross-parasitic gain of 0.39 on the VSC d-axis outer loop, while reverse interference from the VSC on the PLL remains negligible (0.07 and 0.15), indicating that asymmetrical coupling underlies sub-synchronous negative damping. DRGA-based sensitivity analysis is validated validated via PSCAD electromagnetic transient simulations. For LFO mitigation, enlarging the proportional coefficient of either the RSC active power inner loop or the VSC d-axis inner loop lowers the global RGA number, suppressing bidirectional coupling and dampening 1.9 Hz fluctuations, whereas raising the VSC d-axis integral coefficient deteriorates decoupling performance. For SSO regulation, increasing the PLL proportional gain suppresses cross-interference on the VSC d-axis outer loop, while the PLL integral gain follows a non-linear "decrease-then-increase" sensitivity curve. Operating-condition analyses further show that higher delivered power universally intensifies loop interactions in both bands, whereas weakening the grid strength aggravates them asymmetrically: the low-frequency coupling exhibits a "U-shaped" variation against the line inductance, while the sub-synchronous coupling surges only under weak-inductance conditions and decays rapidly once the inductance exceeds 0.5pu. Consequently, the joint condition of heavy loading and a weak grid defines the strictest design boundary. The RSC active power loop and the VSC d-axis loops are thus identified as the primary targets for PI tuning. The extended DRGA methodology isolates the dominant interaction paths across frequency bands, providing a theoretical basis for PI parameter tuning and stable operation of DFPS-VSC-HVDC systems.

Key words： Doubly-fed pumped storage VSC Interaction Modal analysis method DRGA

收稿日期: 2026-04-03

PACS:

TM712

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划资助项目（2023YFB2406800）

通讯作者: 马燕峰女,1978年生,博士,副教授,研究方向为电力系统分析运行与控制。E-mail:ma_yanfeng01@163.com

作者简介: 黄强华男,2002年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电力系统运行与控制。E-mail：huangqh5012@163.com

引用本文:

马燕峰, 黄强华, 张紫铫, 王子建, 赵书强. 双馈式抽蓄经VSC-HVDC送出系统振荡特性分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 490-. Ma Yanfeng, Huang Qianghua, Zhang Ziyao, Wang Zijian, Zhao Shuqiang. Analysis of Oscillation Characteristics of Doubly-Fed Pumped Storage Transmitted via VSC-HVDC System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 490-.

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