1. School of Electrical Automation and Information Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China; 2. Tianjin Aviation Electrical Appliance Company Limited Tianjin 300300 China; 3. School of Electrical and Control Engineering Liaoning Technical University Huludao 125105 China
Abstract：The traditional EE-structure phase-shifting transformer, due to its asymmetric design, leads to high levels of non-characteristic harmonics and total harmonic distortion in rectifiers. It is difficult to meet the requirements of more-electric aircraft/all-electric aircraft for aviation power systems, which demand compact size, lightweight, and high efficiency. Therefore, this research focuses on the yoke balance of phase-shifting transformers and investigates the yoke-balanced Y-structure phase-shifting transformer in conjunction with practical engineering challenges. The aim is to reduce the volume of phase-shifting transformers in aviation 12-pulse rectifiers and address the issues of non-characteristic harmonics and high total harmonic distortion caused by asymmetrical phase-shifting transformers in aviation rectifiers. Firstly, the principle of a 12-pulse autotransformer rectifier was analyzed, followed by the derivation of the turns ratio, analyze the mechanism of 12-pulse input current composition and derive the input current function of the rectifier. Secondly, analyze the magnetic flux paths of the traditional EE-structure and Y-structure phase-shifting transformers. By calculating the three-phase magnetic reluctances of both transformer structures, a scaled model of the phase-shifting transformer is established using finite element simulation software to verify the ohmic loss balance and three-phase yoke equilibrium characteristics of the Y-structure phase-shifting transformer. Thirdly, calculate the power of the phase-shifting transformer, the turns ratio of the phase-shifting transformer adopts the minimum angular phase shift design to ensure the symmetry of the transformer windings and the accuracy of the phase shift angle. Finally, experimental testing on the characteristics of a Y-structure phase-shifting transformer. The simulation and experimental results show that the Y-structured phase-shifting transformer exhibits balanced core ohmic losses and uniform magnetic flux density distribution. The input current phase difference of the rectifier bridge is 30°, and the phase difference between the line voltages of the two output voltage sets of the phase-shifting transformer is 30.14°. Under the same output power, the THD of the three-phase input currents for the rectifier based on the EE-structure phase-shifting transformer are 7.688 9%, 8.027 4%, and 7.879 4%, while those for the rectifier based on the Y-structure phase-shifting transformer are 6.553 8%, 6.799 9%, and 6.594 0%, Comparison of Two Rectifier Structures, with the Y-structured phase-shifting transformer, the THD of the three-phase input current decreased from 7.688 9% to 6.553 8%. The Y-structure phase-shifting transformer outperforms the EE-structure phase-shifting transformer in eliminating the 7th harmonic, input current with no non-characteristic harmonics present. The Y-structured phase-shifting transformer has a 13.6% reduction in volume and a 13.8% increase in power density compared to the EE-structured phase-shifting transformer. The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation and experimental analysis: (1) The Y-structure phase-shifting transformer features equal magnetic circuit lengths in all three phases, balanced magnetic reluctance, uniform ohmic losses, and balanced three-phase yokes. (2) Compared to the EE-structure phase- shifting transformer, the Y-structure phase-shifting transformer features a flat profile, compact size, and low harmonic distortion. (3) The research based on the Y-structure phase-shifting transformer does not contain non-characteristic harmonics in its input current.
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2026, Vol. 41 
