电-碳-绿证市场背景下电氢协同典型形态及参与模式研究综述

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241914

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摘要

随着全球能源结构的转型和环境保护意识的提高,电氢协同作为一种新兴的能源利用方式,在能源领域中展现出巨大的潜力和优势。同时,电力市场的深化改革和多元化发展,为电氢协同的推广和应用提供了广阔的市场空间。因此本文以电-碳-绿证市场协同发展为背景,以电氢协同为立足点对电氢协同典型形态及参与模式展开研究。首先对电-碳-绿证市场交易体系及其协同作用进行介绍,分析了电力市场、碳市场和绿证市场的发展现状及存在的问题;其次从源侧、网侧和荷侧三个角度探讨了电氢协同的典型形态及其对电力系统的支撑作用;再次基于电氢协同参与电-碳-绿证市场的可行性分析,探讨了多类型电氢应用场景在电-碳-绿证市场下的交易模式;最后提出了市场环境下促进电氢协同发展的建议,为电氢协同系统实现规模化、商业化的发展目标提供参考。

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关键词 ：电氢协同, 电-碳-绿证, 源网荷, 交易模式

Abstract：

Against the backdrop of global climate change and energy transition, hydrogen energy has gained widespread attention for its high energy density and environmentally friendly characteristics. As a crucial pathway to achieving a low-carbon economy, the coordinated development of electricity and hydrogen is becoming a focal point of energy policies worldwide. Furthermore, the integration of electricity, carbon, and green certificate markets amidst the ongoing low-carbon transformation of the power sector has created new value opportunities for electricity-hydrogen collaboration. This study investigates typical forms and participation models of electricity-hydrogen coordination in the context of these interconnected markets.
The research begins by examining the transaction frameworks of the electricity, carbon, and green certificate markets and their synergistic interactions. An analysis of the current development status of these markets highlights several challenges, such as the differentiation and interconnection of market products, the accounting of indirect CO₂ emissions, and the issue of overlapping environmental values. These challenges reduce market transparency and limit the participation of emerging entities like electricity-hydrogen projects. By summarizing existing measures, the study reveals how green electricity-hydrogen projects can unlock greater potential by selecting suitable products and actively participating in market transactions, thereby contributing to energy transition and low-carbon economic growth.
Next, the study explores typical application scenarios and values of electricity-hydrogen coordination across power system generation, grid, and load sectors. On the generation side, hydrogen can support renewable energy integration through hydrogen production and enable the transformation of traditional units via ammonia blending in coal power and hydrogen blending in gas power. On the grid side, hydrogen storage systems can alleviate transmission and distribution bottlenecks, while diversified hydrogen storage and transportation methods facilitate long-term, cross-regional energy balancing. On the load side, electricity-hydrogen collaboration promotes efficient energy utilization and carbon reduction across sectors such as chemicals, steel, transportation, and rural areas.
The feasibility of electricity-hydrogen participation in electricity, carbon, and green certificate markets is then analyzed, and corresponding participation models are proposed. Based on the coupling relationships between electricity-hydrogen, carbon-hydrogen, and green certificates-hydrogen, the study establishes an integrated framework for these markets. From the perspective of the electricity market, it develops a pathway diagram for electricity-hydrogen coordination, outlining the roles and revenue mechanisms in different application scenarios across generation, grid, and load sectors, accompanied by recommendations for matching mechanisms. In the carbon market, scenarios involving ammonia blending in coal power and processes in steel and chemical industries can generate income through carbon quota trading once incorporated into regulatory frameworks. Other projects meeting principles of authenticity, uniqueness, and additionality can apply for CCER(China Certified Emission Reduction) for compensation. In the green certificate market, the combination of green power and green certificates is considered a critical development pathway. Projects should develop optimized trading strategies by considering the prices and cycles of the carbon market and green certificate market to maximize economic benefits.
Finally, the study addresses the challenges faced by electricity-hydrogen coordination in a market-driven environment, offering several recommendations. These include accelerating the research and implementation of key technologies, advancing the comprehensive deployment of electricity-hydrogen applications, enhancing market alignment and trading mechanisms, and promoting the standardization of green hydrogen certification and transactions. These measures aim to provide valuable insights for researchers and drive the widespread adoption and sustainable development of hydrogen energy.

收稿日期: 2024-10-25

PACS:

TM73

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划“氢能技术”重点专项资助项目（2021YFB4000500）

通讯作者: 洪芦诚, 男,1985年生,工学博士,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为分布式储能与新能源、人工智能在电力系统中的应用、电力电子化配电网等。E-mail：hlc3061@seu.edu.cn

作者简介: 王梓萩, 女,2001年生,研究生,研究方向为电氢耦合系统、配电网规划与运行。E-mail：220232896@seu.edu.cn

引用本文:

洪芦诚, 王梓萩, 林今, 朱进, 袁晓东. 电-碳-绿证市场背景下电氢协同典型形态及参与模式研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 1914-12. Hong Lucheng, Wang Ziqiu, Lin Jin, Zhu Jin, Yuan Xiaodong. A Review of Typical Forms and Participation Models of Electricity-Hydrogen Synergy in the Context of Electricity-Carbon-Green Certificate Markets. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 1914-12.

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