面向车-库-网多层级协调控制系统的电动汽车多时段可调度域的构建和分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241173

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摘要

电动汽车集群（EVA）在不同区域中的可调度潜力往往难以准确量化,同时现有的调控系统也未能充分考虑电力系统的整体性。为解决上述问题,本文提出了一种考虑用户决策依赖特性的多时段电动汽车可调度域（MEVDR）构建方法。该方法将可调度域划分为可调度能量域（DER）和可调度功率域（DPR）,从而全面反映了EVA在特定时间段内的能量与功率调度特性。在此基础上,本文利用高斯混合模型（GMM）对不同区域和时段的电动汽车数据进行聚类分析,拟合出各类数据的概率密度函数,构建并探讨了不同区域和时间段内EVA MEVDR的差异及其对电力系统的潜在影响。为进一步优化调控策略,通过将MEVDR模型和车-库-网等多个层级的特征纳入考虑,构建了车-库-网多层级协调调控系统（VGGMCCS）。最后,将所提方法与对比策略进行了对比。结果表明：VGGMCCS能在保障电力系统长期稳定运行的同时,有效降低用户用车成本、提高车库的经济收益和电网运行效率,实现用户、车库运营商和电网公司的多方共赢。

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关键词 ：电动汽车, 车辆到电网, 可调度域, 有序调控, 多区域, 调度策略

Abstract：

As electric vehicles (EV) grow more popular and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology advances, large-scale EV aggregations (EVA) have become integral to the power system. However, effectively capturing the distinct idle energy storage characteristics of EVAs across regions and integrating them seamlessly into power system operations remains a challenge. The shortcomings of existing research can be summarized as the follows: Firstly, current methods for assessing the dispatchable regions (DR) of EVs remain inadequate, lacking systematic frameworks and classification methods. Secondly, current multi-level coordinated control strategy often overlooks the holistic nature of coordinated control, which spans multiple levels, including the power grid, garage, and users. Merely considering factors related to EVs and their users is insufficient, as it fails to provide a comprehensive guidance for all coordinated control participants, such as the power grid and garage.
This paper addresses the aforementioned issues by conducting the following works. Firstly, methods for establishing Multi-stage Electric Vehicle Dispatchable Region (MEVDR) for both EV and EVA are proposed and further investigated. Secondly, the probability density functions of various EV data in different regions and time periods of clustering centers are captured using Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Thirdly, the MEVDR of EVAs in different regions and time periods are established and comprehensively analyzed. Furthermore, the proposed MEVDR model can be used to construct multi-period constraints. Based on this, a Vehicles-Garage-Grid Multi-level Coordinated Control System (VGGMCCS) based on MEVDR can be constructed, which consists of two levels and can therefore be considered a bi-level model. After a thorough analysis, VGGMCCS incorporates two mixed integer programming (MIP) problems, allowing the use of commercial solvers for rapid and efficient problem solving. Finally, in order to provide further validation of the effectiveness of the VGGMCC system based on MEVDR, a comparison was made between the proposed method and the contrasting strategies.
The case study shows that, when compared to two contrasting strategies, the proposed VGGMCCS has been demonstrated to reduce the grid network loss by 12.17% compared to comparative strategy 1 and by 8.69% compared to comparative strategy 2 during peak electricity demand periods. And to reduce users' average daily charging costs by 7.88% compared to comparative strategy 1, and to increase operators' revenues by 17.63% compared to comparative strategy 2. Meanwhile, the load fluctuation amplitude of the transformer at the garage node has been significantly reduced. During peak electricity consumption periods, the power fluctuation of transformers under VGGMCCS decreased by 96.36% compared to comparative strategy 1 and by 82.59% compared to comparative strategy 2. Last but not least, VGGMCCS also has a high solution speed, ensuring decision accuracy while quickly responding to dispatching requests from lower-level garages, effectively reducing both the time and economic losses caused by rescheduling requests after EVs are integrated into the power grid. The results show that VGGMCCS can effectively reduce users' costs, improve the economic benefits of the garage and enhance the operational efficiency of the power grid, while ensuring the long-term stable operation of the power system, thus achieving a win-win situation for users, garage operators and power grid companies.
In summary, this paper provides a thorough establishment and analysis of EVA's MEVDR across a diverse range of geographical and temporal contexts. Furthermore, when compared to the contrasting strategies, the proposed VGGMCCS promises to enhance both the economic benefits and operational efficiency of the power system significantly.

Key words： Electric vehicle vehicle-to-grid dispatchable region coordinated control multi-region scheduling strategy

收稿日期: 2024-07-04

PACS:

TM715

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金项目（52037002, 52107079）和国网江苏省电力有限公司科技项目（J2022088）资助

通讯作者: 阳辉男,1988年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电动汽车车网互动技术等。 E-mail：huiyang@seu.edu.cn

作者简介: 张睿骐男,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为人工智能在电力系统调度运行中的运用等。E-mail：220225911@seu.edu.cn

引用本文:

张睿骐, 阳辉, 王子睿, 谢文强, 孙鄞. 面向车-库-网多层级协调控制系统的电动汽车多时段可调度域的构建和分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 250425-. Zhang Ruiqi, Yang Hui, Wang Zirui, Xie Wenqiang, Sun Yin. Establishment and Analysis of Multi-stage Dispatchable Region in Vehicles-Garage-Grid Multi-level Coordinated Control System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 250425-.

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