一种单次耦合注入且具有独立开断回路的串联型混合直流断路器

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240960

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摘要串联型混合直流断路器（S-HCB）因具有抑制故障电流增长、低导通损耗的优势,成为中低压直流系统故障保护中一种极具潜力的解决方案。然而,现有S-HCB需通过注入多电平反制电压来创造机械开关的开启窗口,导致控制和拓扑复杂;并且,线路电感的变化会干扰所创造的开启窗口,致使故障开断不可靠。为此,该文提出一种单次耦合注入且具有独立开断回路的S-HCB。利用晶闸管导通来钳位机械开关的开启全过程,所提S-HCB只需单次注入反制电压,即可为机械开关提供一个近似零电压的开启窗口,从而简化了其控制和拓扑。同时,所提S-HCB具有独立的故障开断回路,使故障电流过零时间与线路电感解耦,从而获得一个更稳定的开启窗口,提升故障开断的可靠性。此外,所提S-HCB能开断双向故障电流。该文给出了所提S-HCB的工作原理和参数设计,并通过10 kV/100 A仿真与200 V/20 A实验样机验证了所提S-HCB的有效性。

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关键词 ：混合式直流断路器, 串联型, 控制简单, 开断可靠, 双向运行

Abstract：The series-type hybrid circuit breaker (S-HCB) has emerged as a promising solution for fault protection in medium and low-voltage DC systems due to its advantages of fault current suppression and low conduction losses. However, S-HCB designs require multi-level counter-voltage injection to create the opening window for the mechanical switch, resulting in complex control and topology. Additionally, variations in line inductance can interfere with the created opening window, leading to unreliable fault interruption. This paper proposes an S-HCB with a single coupling injection and an independent breaking circuit. By utilizing thyristor conduction to clamp the entire opening process of the mechanical switch, the proposed S-HCB only requires a single injection of counter voltage to provide a near-zero voltage opening window for the mechanical switch, thereby simplifying its control and topology. Moreover, the proposed S-HCB features an independent fault interruption circuit, decoupling the fault current zero-crossing time from line inductance. Thus, a stable opening window is ensured, and the reliability of fault interruption is enhanced. Finally, the proposed S-HCB can break bi-directional fault currents.
The proposed S-HCB topology comprises the main branch, voltage injection circuit, bypass branch, and charging branch. The fault current opening principle under the metallic short-circuit fault is analyzed. Its working process can be divided into six stages: normal operation, fault occurrence, fault current rapid suppression, natural current exchange, insulation recovery, and energy consumption. The key components of the proposed S-HCB are parameterized by breaking the forward fault current as an example, and its parameters’ general principles and recommended values are provided.
A 10 kV/100 A simulation model and a 200 V/20 A experimental prototype were developed based on metallic ground faults. Experimental results demonstrate that at the moment of t₀, the fault occurs and the mechanical switch current i_S rises rapidly. At t =t₁, i_S reaches the action protection threshold I_th (40 A), an opening command is given to the mechanical switch S, the IGBT Q₁ conducts, and a trigger signal is continuously applied to the thyristor VT₁. Under the action of the counter voltage, i_S rapidly drops and flows reversely. At t =t₂, the mechanical delay time ends, S starts to separate the contacts, and i_S is commutated to VT₁ within 10 μs. Subsequently, the terminal voltage of the mechanical switch is clamped to the on-state voltage drop of the thyristor, which promotes the insulation recovery of S. At t =t₃, S is fully turned on, the IGBT and thyristor drive signals are turned off, and the thyristor current i_T1 rapidly decreases to 0, the fault current turn-on is completed. Thus, the increase in fault current during fault breaking is suppressed effectively.
The following conclusions can be drawn. (1) Utilizing thyristors to clamp the entire opening process of the mechanical switch provides a near-zero voltage interruption environment. (2) Only requiring a single injection of counter-voltage simplifies the voltage injection circuit’s control and topology, enhancing the practicality of the S-HCB. (3) The proposed S-HCB's independent fault interruption circuit decouples the fault current zero- crossing time from line inductance. A more stable opening window is ensured for the mechanical switch, and the reliability of fault interruption is improved.

Key words： Hybrid DC circuit breaker series-type simple control reliable interruption bidirectional operation

收稿日期: 2024-06-04

PACS:

TM561

基金资助:湖南省科技创新重大专项（2020GK1010）和湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目（21B0671）资助

通讯作者: 江亚群女,1971年生,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为新型电力系统、电能质量分析与控制。E-mail:yaqunjiang@hnu.edu.cn

作者简介: 肖少典男,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电力电子技术在电力系统中的应用、直流断路器。E-mail:xiaoshaodian@hnu.edu.cn

引用本文:

肖少典, 刘增, 杨亚超, 江亚群, 黄纯. 一种单次耦合注入且具有独立开断回路的串联型混合直流断路器[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(14): 4629-4641. Xiao Shaodian, Liu Zeng, Yang Yachao, Jiang Yaqun, Huang Chun. A Series-Type Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker with Single Coupling Injection and Independent Breaking Circuit. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(14): 4629-4641.

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