基于量测数据的新能源电力系统区域等效惯量评估方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231250

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摘要

新能源发电类型、渗透率及控制方式的不同会影响系统实时惯量,评估惯量水平有助于提高电力系统抗扰动能力。本文在分析风电、光伏的虚拟惯性响应特性及其对系统频率稳定性影响的基础上,考虑负荷静态电压特性,提出一种基于量测数据的新能源电力系统区域等效惯量实时评估方法。评估结果计及发电机惯量、新能源虚拟惯量和负荷静态电压特性的影响。为了减小因扰动后频率分布特性造成的误差,从加权平均数的角度提出频率采样点的选取及区域频率的计算方法,解决了量测数据众多且获取困难的问题。通过算例验证所提方法对传统电力系统及新能源电力系统区域等效惯量评估均具有可行性和有效性。

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	马燕峰
	李金媛
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	赵书强
	郭润生

关键词 ：新能源电力系统, 区域惯量评估, 量测数据, 联络线功率, 虚拟惯性控制, 负荷静态电压特性

Abstract：

In order to improve the stable operation ability of modern power system, it is necessary to assess and analyze the level of system inertia. At present, the most widely used evaluation methods have the problem of a large number of measurement data and difficulty in obtaining them. The evaluation accuracy is affected by the selection of frequency sampling points, measurement devices, and the processing methods of measurement data. Meanwhile, the equivalent inertia of the new energy system with virtual inertial control has time-variability, and this method is not universal. To address these issues, this paper proposes a method for assessing the regional equivalent inertia of new energy system based on measured data. The active power, frequency, and voltage data are used to accurately calculate the inertia, measurement data are few and easy to obtain, which reduces the data processing steps and is still applicable when the internal parameters of the new energy units are unknown.
Firstly, the virtual inertia response characteristics of wind power and photovoltaic power and their influence on the frequency stability of the system are analyzed. Secondly, on the basis of analyzing the principle of regional equivalent inertia assessment, the expression of regional equivalent inertia of new energy system is derived by considering the load voltage characteristics. Finally, in order to reduce the error caused by the frequency distribution characteristics, the selection of sampling points and the calculation method of regional frequency are proposed from the perspective of weighted average. Sampling points are determined according to the real-time inertia monitoring results of the SCADA system, which saves the installation cost of PMUs (Phasor Measurement Units) and avoids large amount of calculations. In addition, the low-pass filter and sliding window technology are used to process the measurement data, which improves the accuracy of the inertia assessment results.
The simulation results show that the proposed method can accurately assess the regional equivalent inertia of both traditional and new energy power system. Wind power system with additional frequency control can provide virtual inertia much larger than the actual inertia, but due to the limitation of actual speed and output, its virtual inertia response time is short, and the support power can be limited. The virtual inertia response time of the PV system controlled by VSG (Virtual Synchronous Generators) is fast, and can provide support power according to the dispatching needs, but it needs to be equipped with large energy storage devices.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis: (1) Changing the new energy output and virtual inertia control parameters will cause a change in the equivalent inertia and results. (2) The PV virtual inertia control using VSG has a long response time, more flexible output, and better frequency regulation effect, but it requires large-capacity energy storage, the economic benefits are not good. The wind power system with additional frequency control does not need energy storage, and the primary investment is small, but with the recovery of rotor speed, it is possible to cause a secondary reduction in system frequency. (3) From the perspective of technical economy, when the system inertia is insufficient, the power support brought by dispatching means should be considered first, if new energy power is used to provide power support, priority should be given to the use of wind turbine rotor kinetic energy control, when the actual output and rotor speed do not meet the requirements, then consider the configuration of energy storage for photovoltaic or wind turbine. Therefore, how to balance the economy and the output of new energy is a problem that needs further research.

Key words： New energy power system regional inertia assessment measurement data tie-line power virtual inertial control load static voltage characteristics

收稿日期: 2023-08-03

PACS:	TM73
	TM61

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52277100）

通讯作者: 李金媛女,1998年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为新能源电力系统运行与控制。E-mail：1833310564@qq.com

作者简介: 马燕峰女,1978年生,博士,副教授,研究方向为电力系统分析、运行与控制等。E-mail：ma_yanfeng01@163.com

引用本文:

马燕峰, 李金媛, 王子建, 赵书强, 郭润生. 基于量测数据的新能源电力系统区域等效惯量评估方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 1250-1250. Ma Yanfeng, Li Jinyuan, Wang Zijian, Zhao Shuqiang, Guo Runsheng. Assessment Method of Regional Equivalent Inertia of New Energy Power System Based on Measured Data. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 1250-1250.

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