摘要 以单相无刷直流电机控制系统(Single-Phase Brushless DC Motor,SPBLDC)为研究对象,针对小型风机位置传感器安装受限等问题,提出了基于单相无刷直流电机的高效全速域无位置控制策略,该策略通过单相I/f电流幅值与功率因数补偿相结合的控制方法实现。通过构建SPBLDC的小信号模型,根据小信号根轨迹分析法,分别对单相I/f电流幅值控制以及单相I/f电流幅值与功率因数补偿相结合控制方法下系统全速域稳态及动态调速过程进行稳定性分析,选取了合适的升速斜率,理论分析了该控制策略能够提高电机运行效率,同时保证系统全速域均具备良好的稳定性能。在MATLAB/Simulink环境中仿真验证该控制策略下系统全速域均高效运行于最大转矩/电流比状态,电机转速、电流收敛性能及稳定性均有提升。最后,实验验证了该控制策略的有效性及工程应用的可行性。
Abstract：Taking the Single-Phase Brushless DC Motor (SPBLDC) as the research object. The small DC fan has problems such as difficult installation of position sensor, low reliability under high and low temperature, and low operation efficiency of the motor itself. In order to solve these problems, based on the traditional I/f current amplitude control, we proposes a control strategy based on power factor compensation. By controlling the back electromotive force (EMF) and the current vector of SPBLDC in the same direction, the SPBLDC can operate at the optimal power factor state, thus improving the operation efficiency and stability of the system. The research methods of this paper are as follows: In the single-phase motor H-bridge inverter topology, the voltage and current of the single-phase winding under vector control are approximately sinusoidal time variables. The back EMF of single-phase motor is a rotating space vector, in order to reflect and analyze the phase and amplitude relationship of single-phase winding voltage, current and back EMF in the rotating coordinate system more intuitively and realize high-precision and high-performance vector control, the space rotation coordinate system of single-phase motor is constructed, and the single-phase winding voltage and current are equivalent to space vector. According to the three different phase relations between the current and the back EMF, we propose a power factor compensation control strategy based on the traditional I/f current amplitude control. Assuming that the voltage amplitude of the inverter when the motor operates at the optimal power factor is the ideal voltage amplitude. Subtracting the ideal voltage amplitude from the instantaneous output voltage of the inverter and adjusting the given current amplitude through PI controller in order to make the back electromotive force and current converge in the same direction. Thus, the current amplitude is reduced and the motor operates at the maximum torque/current ratio. Based on the spatial rotation coordinate system, the small signal model of SPBLDC is constructed. According to the small-signal root locus analysis method, the full-speed stability analysis of single-phase I/f current amplitude control and power factor compensation control methods is carried out respectively. The closed-loop pole positions of the system before and after the power factor compensation control are compared. After the power factor compensation control is added, the closed-loop poles in the middle and high speed sections shift significantly to the left, and the real part expands by about 9 times, while the imaginary part is almost unchanged. The system has greater damping ratio and stability margin. The stability of the system under different ramp rates is analyzed, and the appropriate ramp rates in practical engineering applications are selected. The experimental results show that the phase voltage amplitude decreases by 36%, the phase current amplitude decreases by 49%, and the phase difference between voltage and current decreases from 30° to 5° at the steady speed of 3000 r/min with power factor compensation. According to the motor space vector diagram, the angle between the back EMF vector and the current vector is almost zero, and the current reactive component and the phase current amplitude are reduced, indicating that the power factor compensation control can make the motor close to the maximum torque/current ratio state, the motor operation efficiency is improved. The pulsation and oscillation of DC bus current and phase current amplitude are significantly reduced under the power factor compensation control when the speed is increased to 3542r/min at the theoretically designed ramp, indicating that the damping of the system is increased and the stability is improved. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the system can achieve low current oscillation and low speed pulsation under steady state and dynamic speed regulation process based on the sensorless control strategy of single-phase I/f control combined with power factor compensation. The motor operates at the optimal power factor state in the full speed range efficiently, and has good dynamic and steady performance, which has high engineering application value.
郝振洋, 张嘉文, 杨健, 曹鑫, 张雅. 基于单相无刷直流电机的高效全速域无位置控制策略研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 80-80.
Hao Zhenyang, Zhang Jiawen, Yang Jian, Cao Xin, Zhang Ya. Research on High-Efficiency Full-Speed Domain Sensorless Control Strategy Based on Single-Phase Brushless DC Motor. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 80-80.
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