火箭触发闪电的回击电流及电场特征分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221864

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摘要 2019年夏季在广州开展了火箭引雷试验,成功地触发了14次闪电,总回击（RS）数达74次,平均回击数为5.3次,单次闪电的最大回击数为14次。该文对火箭引雷的回击电流及不同距离电场波形特征进行了分析。回击的间隔时间、峰值电流、10%~90%上升时间、半峰值宽度、1 ms转移电荷和1 ms作用积分的几何平均值分别为38.45 ms、12.38 kA、0.25 μs、8.31 μs、0.68 C和2.12×10³ A²·s,回击电流的转移电荷量和作用积分量均与回击峰值电流呈幂函数相关性。回击的先导电场强度峰值和回击电场强度峰值会随距离的增大而减小,而电场的10%~90%上升时间和半峰值宽度会随距离的增大而增大。回击电场强度峰值会随距离的增大而呈现出幂函数减小,且峰值电流与不同距离的先导电场强度峰值和回击电场峰值均呈现一定线性相关,距离越大,其线性拟合关系越好。

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关键词 ：火箭引雷, 电流, 电场, 回击

Abstract：Lightning faults are one of the main causes of tripping of transmission lines. Obtaining real lightning parameters is crucial for lightning protection in power systems. One of the reasonable and effective means is triggered lightning test. Due to differences in climatic conditions and cloud charge distribution, lightning discharge parameters vary somewhat from region to region. There are relatively few relevant experimental studies in China, and there is a need to accumulate more lightning discharge data from different regions. To determine how lightning discharge occur, to provide accurate lightning discharge parameters needed for lightning protection work. To study and test lightning strike mechanisms and to evaluate the performance of lightning location systems.
Rocket-triggered lightning test was conducted in Guangzhou in summer 2019. Lightning-triggered rockets were launched under suitable thunderstorm weather conditions to trigger upward negative polarity lightning. The lightning current flowed through the priming rod through a coaxial shunt with a resistance value of 1 mΩ and then flowed to ground. Thereby obtaining a realistic lightning current waveform. And three flat plate capacitor antennas were set up at 58 m, 90 m and 1600 m from the rocket launcher as the measurements of the vertical electric field of the lightning. Studying the trend of electric field waveform parameters with distance and the relationship between current parameters and electric field parameters.
A total of 14 flashes were successfully triggered, with a total of 74 return strokes, an average of 5.3 return strokes, and a maximum of 14 return strokes for a single flash. Defining six current waveform parameters and plotting the parameter distributions. The geometric mean values of the interval time of return strokes, peak current, 10%~90% rise time, half-peak width, 1 ms transferred charge and 1 ms action integral were 38.45 ms, 12.38 kA, 0.25 μs, 8.31 μs, 0.68 C, and 2.12×10³ A²·s, respectively. The relationship between the current parameters was investigated. Both the 1 ms transferred charge and the 1 ms action integral were correlated with the peak current as a power function. The distributions of five electric field characteristic parameters at different distances, including leader electric field peak, return stroke electric field peak, 10%~90% rise time, half-width time and inverse peak ratio, were counted. By normalizing the peak current to 15 kA, it was found that the leader electric field peak and return stroke electric field peak would decrease with increasing distance, while the 10%~90% rise time and half-peak width of the electric field would increase. The return stroke electric field peak showed a power function decrease with increasing distance. The peak current showed a certain linear correlation with both the leader electric field peak and return stroke electric field peak at different distances. And the larger the distance, the better the linear fit. This was caused by the fact that the electric field at close distances is dominated by electrostatic and radiation fields, and the electric field at far distances is dominated by radiation fields. The current and electric field waveform data reported in this paper provide reliable data support for testing the lightning return stroke model and lightning protection.

Key words： Rocket-triggered lightning current electric field return stroke

收稿日期: 2022-10-04

PACS:

TM863

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目（52177154）

通讯作者: 王建国男,1968年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为雷电防护与接地技术,高电压测试技术。E-mail：wjg@whu.edu.cn

作者简介: 蔡力男,1987年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为雷电防护与接地技术,雷电物理与雷电探测。E-mail：cail@whu.edu.cn

引用本文:

蔡力, 杜懿阳, 彭向阳, 周蜜, 王建国. 火箭触发闪电的回击电流及电场特征分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(1): 257-266. Cai Li, Du Yiyang, Peng Xiangyang, Zhou Mi, Wang Jianguo. Analysis of the Current and Electric Field Characteristics of Rocket-Triggered Lightning Return Strokes. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(1): 257-266.

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