考虑交叉耦合影响的内置式永磁同步电机电感计算及转矩分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221385

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摘要

内置式永磁同步电机的电磁转矩主要包括永磁转矩和磁阻转矩两种成分,转矩成分的准确分离和分析有助于进一步优化设计电机拓扑结构,提高电机的功率密度,而电磁转矩成分精确分析的关键在于交直轴电感的准确计算。本文针对内置式永磁同步电机的交直轴电感求解与转矩成分分析的实际问题,以一台8极11 kW的内置式永磁同步电机为例,对其进行建模仿真计算;通过对采用静磁场求解电感与瞬态场求解电感两类求解电感的方法进行对比分析,在此基础上提出了一种改进的静磁场快速求解交直轴电感的方法,并实现了对电机转矩组成的高精度分离提取和在电磁设计阶段对电磁转矩成分的预测。改进的静磁场求解电感的方法既能精确考虑交叉耦合效应,又能考虑不同负载下饱和效应的影响;此外,相较于瞬态场求解电感的方法,该方法有效减少了仿真步数从而缩短了仿真时长。最后,本文构建了实验测试平台对目标样机进行了转矩测试,并与预测模型结果进行比较,实验结果验证了新方法的准确性和有效性。

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	李仕豪
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	刘佶炜
	鲍晓华

关键词 ：永磁同步电机, 电感计算, 转矩分析, 有限元分析

Abstract：

The electromagnetic torque of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) mainly consists of two components: permanent magnet torque and reluctance torque. The accurate separation and analysis of the components of the torque can help to further optimize the topology of the machine and improve the power density of the machine. The key to accurate analysis of the components of the electromagnetic torque is the accurate calculation of the d,q-axis inductance. In this paper, an IPMSM with 8 poles and 11 kW is used as an example to solve the practical problems of solving the d、q-axis inductance and analyzing the torque components. By comparing and analyzing two kinds of inductance solving methods, static magnetic field solving inductance and transient field solving inductance, an improved method of quickly solving the inductance by the static magnetic field is presented, which achieves high-precision separation and extraction of machine torque components and prediction of electromagnetic torque components in the stage of electromagnetic design.
The improved method for solving the d、q-axis inductance by the static magnetic field is to determine the current lead angle according to different d、q-axis current combinations, and then convert the mechanical angle of the machine to the current lead angle and transform the mechanical relative position of the stator and rotor to control the machine operation under different current amplitudes or current lead angles. Then, the three-phase flux linkage under different d,q-axis current combinations is obtained by finite element calculation, and the d、q-axis flux linkage is obtained by Park's transformation of the three-phase flux linkage. Finally, the d,q-axis inductance is obtained by simultaneous solving the d,q-axis flux linkage, and the permanent magnet flux linkage is obtained by using the frozen permeability method. The improved method for solving the inductance of static magnetic fields can take into account both the cross-coupling effect and the saturation effect under different loads. In addition, the d、q-axis inductance calculated by the above method is combined with the electromagnetic torque equation considering the effect of magnetic saturation and cross-coupling, and the torque prediction model can achieve high-precision separation and extraction of machine torque components and prediction of electromagnetic torque components in the stage of electromagnetic design
The d,q-axis inductances of the target prototype are solved by the transient field method and the improved static magnetic field method respectively. The relative errors of the d,q-axis inductances solved by the two methods are within 6%. Compared with the transient field method, the improved static magnetic field method reduces the simulation steps by 96.08% and the calculation time by 96.14%, It shows that the improved method for solving inductance by the static magnetic field can effectively reduce the number of simulation steps and shorten the simulation time. Finally, an experimental test platform is built to test the torque of the target prototype under different operating point currents and compared with the results of the above prediction model, the relative errors between the measured torque and the predicted torque are within 3%. Taking the working condition of the prototype under the rated current as an example, the electromagnetic torque of the machine output at different current lead angles of 0 ° to 180 ° is separated. At the same time, the composition of the maximum electromagnetic torque obtained by the maximum torque current ratio control logic is analyzed. In the composition, the value of the reluctance torque is 2.55 N · m, accounting for about 3.72%; and the value of the permanent magnet torque is 66.07 N·m, accounting for about 97.20%. Moreover, by comparing the separated torque components, the maximum reluctance torque of the prototype can reach about 11 N. m, while the actual reluctance torque at the maximum electromagnetic torque point is 2.55 N·m, which shows that the magnetic barrier design of this prototype still has a large space for optimization, and the torque density of the target machine can be further improved by optimizing the rotor structure on the original basis in combination with the fast torque analysis and prediction model in this paper. The experimental results verify the accuracy and validity of the new method.

Key words： Permanent magnet synchronous machines inductance calculation torque analysis finite element analysis

收稿日期: 2022-07-19

PACS:

TM351

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（51977055）,中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（JZ2022HGTA0322）和安徽省科技重大专项项目（201903a05020042）资助

通讯作者: 鲍晓华男,1972年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电机的设计理论和技术等。E-mail：baoxh@hfut.edu.cn

作者简介: 李仕豪男,1995年生,博士生,研究方向为永磁电机的设计及优化。E-mail：lishihao@mail.hfut.edu.cn

引用本文:

李仕豪, 狄冲, 刘佶炜, 鲍晓华. 考虑交叉耦合影响的内置式永磁同步电机电感计算及转矩分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 230615-230615. Li Shihao, Di Chong, Liu Jiwei, Bao Xiaohua. Inductance Calculation and Torque Analysis of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Considering Cross-Coupling Effects. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 230615-230615.

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