退火速率对环保型聚乳酸材料直流击穿和电导电流特性的影响

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.191408

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摘要聚乳酸（PLA）是一种绝缘性能良好、可生物降解的环保型聚合物材料。为研究退火速率对PLA直流击穿和电导电流特性的影响,该文制备三种退火速率的PLA试样,即冰水冷却（PLA-W）、空气冷却（PLA-A）和缓慢冷却（PLA-S）,并针对温度场下PLA的直流击穿及电导电流特性展开研究。结果表明：PLA-S直流击穿场强最高,温度从30℃升至70℃,三种试样的直流击穿场强下降,PLA-S降幅最小,仅为16.7%。PLA-S的电导率随温升而单调上升,PLA-A和PLA-W的电导率呈现上升-下降-上升的趋势。结合差示扫描量热和偏光显微观测发现,缓慢退火促进PLA结晶,晶胞尺寸大且均匀性好,PLA-S的结晶度达50%,玻璃化转变温度较PLA-W提升23.7%;PLA-W和PLA-A结晶不完善,温升过程出现晶胞生长或成核结晶,结晶度提高以致电导率呈上升-下降-上升趋势。

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关键词 ：聚乳酸, 环保材料, 退火速率, 直流击穿, 电导电流

Abstract：Poly-lactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable environmentally friendly polymer material with good insulation properties. In order to study the effect of the annealing rate on the DC breakdown and conduction current characteristics of PLA, PLA samples with three annealing rates were prepared, namely slow-cooled (PLA-S), air-cooled (PLA-A) and ice-water cooled (PLA-W). DC breakdown and conduction current characteristics of PLA were tested at temperature fields. The results show that DC breakdown strength of PLA-S is highest, DC breakdown strength of the three samples decreases when the temperature rises from 30℃ to70℃, and PLA-S decreases slightly, only 16.7%. The conduction current of PLA-S increases with the increase of temperature, and the conductivity of PLA-W and PLA-A shows a rising-decreasing-rising trend. Combined with differential scanning calorimetry and polarized light microscopy, it is found that slow annealing is benefit to the crystallization of PLA, and the crystal cell size is large and the uniformity is good. The crystallinity of PLA-S is up to 50%, and the glass transition temperature is 23.7% higher than PLA-W. PLA-W and PLA-A samples are not completely crystalized, and unit cell growth or nucleation crystallization occur during the rise process of temperature. The increase in crystallinity leads to a rising-decreasing-rising trend in conduction current.

Key words： Poly-lactic acid (PLA) environmentally friendly material annealing rate DC breakdown conduction current

收稿日期: 2019-10-25

PACS:

TM215

基金资助:国家自然科学基金（51907101，51977186）、中国科协青年人才托举工程（2018QNRC001）、中国博士后科学基金面上（2019M650029）和新能源电力系统国家重点实验室开放课题（LAPS19004）资助项目。

通讯作者: 周远翔男,1966年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。E-mail: zhou-yx@tsinghua.edu.cn

作者简介: 李科男,1994年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为高压绝缘材料性能。E-mail: like413@126.com

引用本文:

李科, 张云霄, 周远翔, 张灵, 滕陈源. 退火速率对环保型聚乳酸材料直流击穿和电导电流特性的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(24): 5041-5049. Li Ke, Zhang Yunxiao, Zhou Yuanxiang, Zhang Ling, Teng Chenyuan. Effect of Annealing Rate on DC Breakdown and Conduction Current Characteristics of Environmentally Friendly Poly-Lactic Acid Material. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(24): 5041-5049.

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