静态强度与暂态电压安全协同驱动的同步调相机优化配置方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.260903

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摘要

高比例风电并网削弱了电力系统的短路容量与动态无功支撑能力,导致系统静态强度不足且暂态电压越限风险加剧。同步调相机可同时提供短路容量和动态无功支撑,然而现有配置方法多依据单一电压安全指标,难以刻画不同安全需求对调相机选址定容结果的差异化驱动作用。为此,本文提出一种静态强度与暂态电压安全协同驱动的同步调相机优化配置方法。首先,基于多个风电场间的电气耦合关系,构建随运行状态和调相机配置变化的静态强度约束,以刻画调相机对系统整体电压支撑能力的提升作用;其次,面向短路故障发生和清除阶段,建立暂态电压跌落与暂态过电压安全约束,以刻画调相机对局部动态电压越限风险的抑制作用;进一步,采用基于数据驱动的安全规则提取方法将静、暂态电压安全边界转化为可嵌入优化模型的线性约束,实现调相机选址定容与多场景生产模拟的联合优化。算例分析结果表明,静态强度约束倾向于驱动调相机在多个风电并网点分散配置,而暂态电压安全约束倾向于驱动调相机在关键薄弱节点集中配置;所提协同配置方法能够同时避免系统静态强度不足和故障导致暂态电压越限的问题,并揭示不同电压安全阈值下静、暂态约束对配置结果的主导性转换规律。

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关键词 ：新能源电力系统, 系统强度, 暂态电压安全, 同步调相机, 优化配置

Abstract：

High wind power penetration weakens system short-circuit capacity and dynamic reactive power support, increasing the risks of insufficient static strength and transient voltage violations. Synchronous condensers (SCs) can provide both short-circuit capacity and dynamic reactive power support. However, existing SC placement methods are usually driven by a single voltage security index, making it difficult to capture how different security requirements affect SC placement decisions. To cope with this problem, an optimal SC placement method jointly driven by static strength and transient voltage security is proposed.
Firstly, static strength constraints are formulated based on the electrical coupling among multiple wind farms, reflecting the impacts of operating conditions and SC placement on system-wide voltage support. Additionally, transient voltage sag and overvoltage constraints are established for fault occurrence and clearing stages to characterize the suppression effect on the risk of local dynamic voltage over-limit of SCs. Furthermore, a data-driven security rule extraction method is used to transform static and transient voltage security boundaries into linear constraints embedded in the optimization model. Combined with production simulation, the optimal placement model of synchronous condenser is constructed to realize the optimization of SC placement and multi-scenario production simulation.
Case studies based on the modified IEEE RTS-79 system indicate that considering a single voltage security index or a fixed operating state for placement research cannot completely meet the system voltage security requirements, and the placement results obtained by heuristic algorithm also tend to fall into local optimum. The proposed multi-stability constrained placement framework is a planning-operation collaborative optimization problem that simultaneously responds to the overall static strength requirements of the system and the local dynamic voltage support requirements, which takes the change of voltage safety margin under different operating conditions into account, ensuring the global optimality of the results by solving the mixed integer linear programming model.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the case studies: (1) The proposed optimal placement model of synchronous condenser driven by static strength and transient voltage security can avoid the problem of insufficient static strength and transient voltage over-limit caused by fault at the same time, so as to ensure the voltage security of the system more comprehensively. (2) The static strength constraint describes the short-circuit capacity and steady-state voltage support of the whole system under different operating conditions and tends to drive synchronous condensers to be distributed at multiple wind nodes. The transient voltage security constraint describes the local voltage sag and overvoltage risk during the occurrence and removal of short-circuit faults and tends to drive synchronous condensers to be centralized at key weak nodes. (3) There is a dominant conversion relationship between static strength constraint and transient voltage security constraint under different voltage security thresholds. When a certain type of security threshold is tightened, the condenser placement scheme driven by it may passively meet another type of security requirements. Therefore, the static and transient voltage security thresholds should be set according to the security requirements in practical engineering applications.

Key words： Renewable power system system strength transient voltage security synchronous condenser optimal placement

收稿日期: 2026-06-06

PACS:

TM732

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划资助项目（2023YFB2406800）

通讯作者: 江一航男,2000年生,博士研究生,研究方向为低惯量电力系统优化运行。E-mail：yh_jiang2000@163.com

作者简介: 赵书强男,1964年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电力系统分析与控制。E-mail：zsqdl@163.com

引用本文:

赵书强, 柳向荣, 江一航, 王家辉. 静态强度与暂态电压安全协同驱动的同步调相机优化配置方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 260903-. Zhao Shuqiang, Liu Xiangrong, Jiang Yihang, Wang Jiahui. Optimal Placement Method of Synchronous Condenser Driven by Static Strength and Transient Voltage Security. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 260903-.

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