强度视角下新能源多馈入系统高阻故障暂态过电压风险评估方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251950

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摘要

大规模新能源经跟网型变流器并网致使系统电压支撑能力下降,新能源并网点在故障清除后易发生暂态过电压问题。高阻接地故障下网络等效电阻增大,暂态期间系统不平衡有功的影响凸显,导致现有仅考虑系统盈余无功的暂态过电压评估方法失效。为此,通过揭示高阻接地故障下新能源并网系统暂态过电压机理,在计及新能源有功电流影响的基础上量化了新能源多场站耦合作用,构建了反映多场站暂态电压支撑能力的系统电压强度指标。基于所提指标辨识了系统暂态电压支撑能力薄弱风险点,提出了高阻接地故障下新能源多馈入系统暂态过电压风险评估方法。最后,基于电磁暂态仿真平台PSCAD验证了所提机理和量化分析方法的有效性。

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	张文雅
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	刘灏

关键词 ：跟网型变流器, 新能源多馈入系统, 暂态过电压, 高阻接地故障

Abstract：

The integration of large-scale renewable energy sources via grid-following converters has become a prevailing trend in power systems under the "dual-carbon" strategic goals. However, the decline in system voltage support capability often leads to frequent transient overvoltage (TOV) issues at the point of common coupling (PCC) during post-fault recovery, which may trigger cascading tripping accidents of renewable energy units. Existing assessment methods of TOV primarily focus on surplus reactive power. Under high-impedance ground faults (HIGF), the increase in network equivalent resistance amplifies the influence of active current from renewable sources, rendering conventional methods ineffective. This paper aims to address this gap by elucidating the TOV mechanism in renewable multi-infeed systems under HIGF, quantifying the coupling effects among multiple renewable plants, and developing a novel risk assessment framework based on system strength indicators.
The study begins by analyzing the TOV mechanism under HIGF through a Thévenin equivalent circuit model. It is demonstrated that the equivalent resistance between the PCC and the infinite grid increases significantly due to the transition resistance, leading to a notable voltage rise influenced by the active current from renewable sources. The relationship between the active/reactive current ratio (I_d/I_q) and the grid R/X ratio is critical, where the maximum PCC voltage occurs when I_d/I_q equals R_geq/X_geq.
The node voltage equation is derived using a modified impedance matrix, incorporating the effects of transition resistance and active current changes. The transient voltage increment at each PCC is calculated based on the superposition of reactive current variations from all renewable plants. To address current limiting, an equivalent reactive gain coefficient is introduced, which adjusts dynamically based on voltage deviations. The collective transient voltage support ability (TVSA) for each renewable plant is defined as the ratio of the equivalent short-circuit capacity to the sum of the products of plant capacity, equivalent gain, and a fault-dependent multi-infeed interaction factor. The system-wide transient voltage support (TVS) index is then defined as the minimum TVSA across all plants, while the critical TVS (CTVS) represents the threshold beyond which TOV exceeds safety limit. The risk is quantified by the margin between TVS and CTVS, where negative values indicate TOV risk.
Under HIGF, the magnitude of TOV exhibits a decreasing trend as the transition resistance increases, primarily due to the reduction in reactive current output from renewable energy sources. Meanwhile, the ratio of active to reactive current injected by renewable converters demonstrates a non-monotonic influence on the overvoltage level, initially decreasing before increasing as the ratio varies. Neglecting the impact of active current during the transient period leads to an optimistic assessment of overvoltage risk.
In the case of single-infeed renewable energy systems, the calculated results of transient overvoltage align closely with detailed electromagnetic transient simulations under various system conditions. For multi-infeed systems, the proposed transient voltage support index accurately identifies the node with the weakest voltage support capability. For instance, when a fault occurs at a specific bus, the minimum transient voltage support ability corresponds to the highest overvoltage observed at the associated renewable plant. Assessments based on the voltage support margin consistently match simulation outcomes, where a negative margin reliably indicates the presence of transient overvoltage risk.
When compared to existing methods, the proposed approach demonstrates enhanced accuracy under HIGF. Conventional methods exhibit limitations as they do not fully account for the influence of transition resistance and the dynamic behavior of active current. In contrast, the proposed framework provides a more conservative yet reliable assessment, characterized by reduced calculation error and improved applicability for security analysis in power systems with high-penetration renewable integration.
This study establishes that transition resistance and active current during faults are critical factors influencing TOV in multi-infeed systems. The proposed TVS index, derived from TOV mechanisms, provides a physically interpretable tool for identifying voltage support weaknesses and assessing risks under HIGF. The method offers a practical solution for planning and operation, with validated accuracy and applicability to power systems.

Key words： Grid-following inverter multi-infeed renewable energy system transient overvoltage high-impedance ground fault

收稿日期: 2025-11-12

PACS:

TM712

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（52507093）、中国博士后基金（2024M760902）、国家资助博士后研究计划（GZC20250328）和中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金（JB2025005）资助项目

通讯作者: 刘昕宇男,1998年生,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为新能源电力系统暂态电压评估与控制。E-mail：xyuliu@ncepu.edu.cn

作者简介: 张文雅女,2002年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为新能源电力系统暂态电压评估。E-mail：120242201066@ncepu.edu.cn

引用本文:

张文雅, 刘昕宇, 鲍志鹏, 毕天姝, 刘灏. 强度视角下新能源多馈入系统高阻故障暂态过电压风险评估方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 16-. Zhang Wenya, Liu Xinyu, Bao Zhipeng, Bi Tianshu, Liu Hao. Transient Overvoltage Risk Assessment Method for Renewable Energy Multi-Infeed Systems Under High-Impedance Ground Faults from the Strength Perspective. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 16-.

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