电-磁-机-声多场边界下的超磁致伸缩IV型弯张换能器设计方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.220702

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摘要超磁致伸缩IV型弯张换能器是实现大功率低频水下声波发射的有效途径,在水下远距离探测、水声通信等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文提出了一种综合考虑材料电磁参数极限、空化边界条件以及最大主应力边界条件的大功率低频超磁致伸缩IV型弯张电声换能器优化设计方法。首先,根据超磁致伸缩材料的电磁参数极限确定振子棒材数量以及磁回路结构;然后,以频率、声源级为优化目标,机械壳体主要结构参数作为优化变量,结合有限元仿真构建基于Box-Behnken法的响应面模型,并把空化边界条件以及最大主应力边界条件作为优化方案的判据,最终得到优化的壳体结构参数;最后,基于优化设计方案,研制了一款超磁致伸缩IV型弯张换能器样机,并搭建了湖试试验平台。实验测试结果表明,在40m水深下,研制的换能器样机谐振频率为480Hz,最大声源级达到206dB,验证了设计方法的可行性与准确性。

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关键词 ：磁致伸缩, 弯张换能器, 优化设计, 空化边界, 应力极限

Abstract：Class IV giant magnetostrictive flextensional transducer(GMFT) is an effective equipment to realize high-power and low-frequency underwater acoustic emission, which has broad application prospects in the fields of underwater long-distance detection and communication. However, there are many parameters and boundaries that affect the output performance of GMFT, the electromagnetic parameter limit of giant magnetostrictive material (Terfenol-D), the cavitation boundary of the transducer shell and the limit stress boundary are important limiting conditions for improving the radiated sound power of Class IV GMFT at the target depth. Therefore, how to quickly get the relationship between parameters and output frequency and sound source level, and then get the design scheme, has not been solved. To address this issue, the finite element design method(FEM) is combined with the response surface method based on Box-Behnken, and an optimization design method of Class IV GMFT is proposed, which takes into account electrical-magnetic-mechanical-acoustic multi-field boundaries.
Firstly, according to the target frequency f₀,the target sound source level SL and the electromagnetic parameter limits of Terfenol-D, the number of vibrating rods is determined. Secondly, to reduce the eddy current loss and improve the uniformity of magnetic field, an efficient magnetic loop structure is designed and an efficient bar cutting method is proposed. The FEM results show that the mean value is increased by 22% and the non-uniformity is decreased by 32%. Thirdly, the range of shell structural parameters is determined according to the magnetic loop structure and cavitation threshold area under target water depth. Finally, taking the shell semi-minor axis length b, shell thickness e and shell height h as the optimization variables and frequency and sound source level as the optimization objectives, the Box-Behnken response surface model is built based on FEM. It shows that the frequency increases with the increase of b and e and the decrease of h. When the frequency is within 5% of the target frequency, the sound source level is greater than the target SL, and the maximum principal stress does not exceed the yield stress limit, the optimized structural parameters meet the design requirements and can be adopted as the final design scheme.
To verify the feasibility of the proposed design method, a prototype of Class IV GMFT with the optimized shell structural parameters is developed, and a lake experimental platform is built. The experimental results show that the transducer's resonant frequency is 480Hz and the maximum sound source level reaches 206dB under the target water depth of 40m. The waveform quality is good, and there is no "frequency doubling phenomenon" caused by improper design of bias magnetic field, and no nonlinear problem caused by cavitation, which verifies the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed optimal design method.
In conclusion, the theoretical analysis and experimental results shows that the proposed optimization design method can quickly obtain the relationship between the structural parameters and the frequency and the sound source level, so as to obtain the optimal design scheme in line with the electro-magnetic-mechanic-acoustic boundary conditions and the design objectives, which can greatly reduce the development and testing cost and shorten the development cycle.

Key words： Magnetostrictive flextensional transducer optimal design cavitation stress limit

收稿日期: 2022-05-06

PACS:	TM271
	TB565

基金资助:国家重大科研仪器研制项目（52127901）和国家自然科学基金重点项目（51837005）资助

通讯作者: 李桥男,1993年生,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为电力电子与电力传动、低频大功率电声换能器。E-mail：qiaoli@hnu.edu.cn

作者简介: 宁倩女,1995年生,博士研究生,研究方向为低频大功率电声换能器的建模及设计。E-mail：ningqian@hnu.edu.cn

引用本文:

宁倩, 李桥, 高兵, 赵能桐, 罗安. 电-磁-机-声多场边界下的超磁致伸缩IV型弯张换能器设计方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 15-15. Ning Qian, Li Qiao, Gao Bing, Zhao Nengtong, Luo An. Design of Giant Magnetostrictive Class IV Flextensional Transducer Under Electrical-Magnetic-Mechanical-Acoustic Multi-Field Boundaries. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 15-15.

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