基于事件触发领导-跟随控制的孤岛微电网谐波均分和电能质量提升策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251222

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摘要

为实现孤岛微电网中逆变器机组间谐波功率均分与负载侧电能质量提升的兼顾,本文提出了一种基于领导-跟随一致性算法的分布式谐波功率均分策略,将剩余容量融入到一致性变量中,通过引入虚拟领导节点,灵活调整剩余容量与吸收谐波功率的关系,使吸收的谐波功率逐渐收敛于领导节点的目标值,进而实现逆变器容量的最佳利用,在避免过载、谐波均分与电能质量提升三方面实现动态平衡。此外,为降低系统通信负担,设计了一种动态事件触发通信机制,并基于Lyapunov稳定性理论推导了触发条件,确保仅在满足预设条件时进行信息交互,显著减少了通信资源消耗。最后,通过硬件在环实验验证了所提方法在多种复杂工况下的有效性。

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关键词 ：微电网, 谐波均分, 电能质量, 虚拟阻抗, 事件触发控制

Abstract：

With the increasing proliferation of nonlinear loads in islanded microgrids, the magnitude of harmonic power has risen significantly, exacerbating harmonic voltage distortion. Concurrently, mismatched feeder impedances aggravate the unequal distribution of harmonic power among Distributed Generators (DGs), thereby heightening the risk of inverter overload. Although existing distributed control algorithms have achieved notable success in realizing harmonic power sharing among inverter units, challenges remain when simultaneously attempting to govern voltage quality at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). Specifically, aggressive harmonic compensation aimed at lowering voltage distortion often compels inverters with limited capacity to process excessive harmonic power, leading to overload risks. Consequently, the critical issue of achieving a dynamic balance among harmonic sharing, power quality governance, and overload prevention has not yet been properly resolved. Furthermore, traditional distributed control relies on periodic communication, imposing a heavy burden on the limited bandwidth of microgrid communication networks. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a distributed harmonic power sharing strategy based on an event-triggered leader-follower consensus algorithm to achieve a dynamic balance among harmonic sharing, power quality governance, and equipment safety.
A novel leader-follower consensus framework is established to coordinate the harmonic power absorption of DG units. Unlike traditional methods that allocate harmonics solely based on rated capacity, the proposed strategy incorporates the "remaining capacity" of each inverter into the design of the consensus variable. A virtual leader node is introduced to dynamically regulate the relationship between the total harmonic power absorbed by the microgrid and the available remaining capacity of the inverters. By guiding the consensus variables of all followers (inverters) to converge to the leader’s target, the control logic ensures that inverters with higher safety margins absorb more harmonic power, while those approaching their limits are relieved. This mechanism effectively achieves a dynamic balance among harmonic governance, harmonic power sharing, and inverter overload prevention.
To mitigate the communication burden while maintaining control performance, a Dynamic Event-Triggered Control (DETC) mechanism is integrated into the framework. Instead of continuous or periodic data transmission, information exchange between neighboring inverters occurs only when the measurement error exceeds a time-varying threshold. This threshold is derived based on Lyapunov stability theory, which theoretically guarantees the asymptotic stability of the control system and excludes the occurrence of Zeno behavior. This "communication-on-demand" approach significantly reduces the frequency of data interaction and conserves communication resources.
Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy under various complex scenarios, including load steps and plug-and-play operations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy successfully realizes the dynamic balance between harmonic power sharing and overload prevention. Specifically, the ratio of harmonic power to remaining capacity for all inverters converged to the target set by the leader node (e.g., 90% utilization), preventing the over-compensation of specific units that occurred in comparison methods. Consequently, the PCC voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) was effectively reduced (e.g., from 9.24% to 4.14%). Furthermore, the DETC mechanism significantly reduced the trigger frequency compared to traditional periodic communication, validating its efficiency in saving bandwidth.
The study concludes that anchoring harmonic allocation to the real-time remaining capacity of inverters offers a robust solution for power quality governance in capacity-constrained microgrids. The introduction of the virtual leader allows for flexible adjustment of the system's global harmonic absorption level. Additionally, the Dynamic Event-Triggered Control (DETC) mechanism effectively alleviates the communication burden among units. This approach provides a practical framework for enhancing the reliability and power quality of islanded microgrids with high nonlinear load penetration.

Key words： Microgrid Harmonic power sharing Power quality Virtual impedance Event-triggered control

收稿日期: 2025-07-10

PACS:

TM46

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52177104）

通讯作者: 周翔男,1999年生,博士研究生,研究方向为新能源发电与智能微电网、电机先进控制、预测控制与智能控制等。E-mail：710792368@qq.com

作者简介: 王杨男,1990年生,研究员,博士生导师,研究方向为电力扰动分析与控制,宽频振荡广域检测、溯源与控制,非线性控制理论在新型电力系统中的应用等。E-mail：fwang@scu.edu.cn

引用本文:

王杨, 郝宇鑫, 周翔, 李卓城, 肖先勇. 基于事件触发领导-跟随控制的孤岛微电网谐波均分和电能质量提升策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 4-. Wang Yang, Hao Yuxin, Zhou Xiang, Li Zhuocheng, Xiao Xianyong. Harmonic Sharing and Power Quality Enhancement Strategy for Islanded Microgrids Based on Event-Triggered Leader-Follower Control. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 4-.

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