|
|
|
| Development of Studies about Surface Charge Accumulation on Insulating Material under HVDC |
| Tang Ju1, Pan Cheng1, Wang Dibo2, Fu Mingli2, Zhuo Ran2 |
1. School of Electrical Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China;
2. Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid Co. Ltd Guangzhou 510080 China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract With the development of dc transmission technique, DC gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is attracting more and more attentions. DC GIS has the advantages of compact size, high reliability and little maintenance. Compared with ac GIS, the surface charges accumulating on the cone-type insulator is more serious for dc GIS, which can lead to the decrease of its surface flashover performance and hence restricts the application of dc GIS in engineering. At present, the investigation about the characteristics of surface charge accumulation and the corresponding suppression means under HVDC is a hot topic. In this paper, the related studies were reviewed, including the techniques of surface charge measurement and inversion algorithm, the accumulation ways and corresponding sources of surface charges, the influencial factors and suppression methods of surface charge accumulation. At last, some proposals for the future investigation of surface charge accumulation were presented.
|
|
Received: 25 May 2015
Published: 02 May 2017
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 卢毓欣, 韩永霞, 朱志芳, 等. ±1 000kV特高压直流换流站绝缘配合[J]. 电工技术学报, 2014, 29(增刊1): 516-523.
Lu Yuxin, Han Yongxia, Zhu Zhifang, et al. The insulation and coordination of ±1 000kV UHVDC converter station[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2014, 29(S1): 516-523.
[2] 徐殿国, 刘瑜超, 武健. 多端直流输电系统控制研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(17): 1-12.
Xu Dianguo, Liu Yuchao, Wu Jian. Review on control strategies of multi-terminal direct current transmission system[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2015, 30(17): 1-12.
[3] Mendik M, Lowder S M, Elliott F. Long term perfor- mance verification of high voltage DC GIS[C]//1999 IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference, New Orleans, USA, 1999, 2: 484-488.
[4] Ohki Y. Thyristor valves and GIS in Kii channel HVDC link[J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 2001, 17(3): 78-79.
[5] 余存仪. 直流SF 6 装置中支撑绝缘子冲击闪络特性的研究-导电微粒的影响[J]. 高压电器, 1984, 5(4): 21-25.
Yu Cunyi. Study of flashover on support insulator in SF 6 HVDC device and the effect of conductive parti- cles[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 1984, 5(4): 21-25.
[6] Qi B, Gao C, Li C, et al. Effect of surface charge accumulation on flashover voltage of GIS insulator in SF 6 under DC and AC voltages[C]//2015 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP), Ann Arbor, USA, 2015: 848- 851.
[7] Sudarshan T S, Dougal R A. Mechanisms of surface flashover along solid dielectrics in compressed gases: a review[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insu- lation, 1986, EI-21(5): 727-746.
[8] Merrill F H, Von Hippel A. The atomphysical interpretation of Lichtenberg figures and their appli- cation to the study of gas discharge phenomena[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1939, 10(12): 873-887.
[9] Murooka Y, Koyama S. A nanosecond surface discharge study in low pressures[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1979, 50(10): 6200-6206.
[10] Murooka Y, Koyama S. Nanosecond surface discharge study by using dust figure techniques[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1973, 44(4): 1576-1580.
[11] Davies D K. The examination of the electrical pro- perties of insulators by surface charge measure- ment[J]. Journal Scientific Instruments, 1967, 44(7): 521-524.
[12] 丁立健, 屠幼萍, 李成榕, 等. 真空中绝缘子表面电荷分布的测量[J]. 高电压技术, 2003, 29(4): 1-2.
Ding Lijian, Tu Youping, Li Chengrong, et al. Measurement of the charge distribution on the insu- lator surface in vacuum[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2003, 29(4): 1-2.
[13] 张盈利, 汪沨, 李卓, 等. 高压直流复合绝缘子表面电荷检测装置的研制[J]. 高电压技术, 2014, 40(5): 1514-1519.
Zhang Yingli, Wang Feng, Li Zhuo, et al. Deve- lopment of surface charge detection device for DC composite insulator[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2014, 40(5): 1514-1519.
[14] Takuma T, Yashima M, Kawamoto T. Principle of surface charge measurement for thick insulating specimens[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1998, 5(4): 497-504.
[15] Rossi F, Opat G I, Cimmino A. Modified Kelvin technique for measuring strain-induced contact potentials[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1992, 63(7): 3736-3743.
[16] 张贵新, 张博雅, 王强, 等. 高压直流GIL中盆式绝缘子表面电荷积聚与消散的实验研究[J]. 高电压技术, 2015, 41(5): 1430-1436.
Zhang Guixin, Zhang Boya, Wang Qiang, et al. Experiment study of surface charge accumulation and decay on a cone-type insulator in HVDC GIL[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(5): 1430-1436.
[17] Kawasaki T, Arai Y, Takada T. Two-dimensional measurement of electrical surface charge distribution insulating by electro-optic Pockels effect[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 1991, 30(30): 1262- 1265.
[18] Wu K, Pan C, Meng Y, et al. Dynamic behavior of surface charge distribution during partial discharge sequences[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2013, 20(2): 612-619.
[19] Tanaka D, Matsuoka S, Kumada A, et al. Two- dimensional potential and charge distributions of positive surface streamer[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2009, 42(7): 075204.
[20] Mu H B, Zhang G J, Komiyama Y, et al. Investi- gation of surface discharges on different polymeric materials under HVAC in atmospheric air[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2011, 18(2): 485-494.
[21] 潘成. 局部放电序列中的表面电荷动态分布及其对放电特性的影响[D]. 西安: 西安交通大学, 2014.
[22] Ootera H, Nakanishi K. Analytical method for evaluating surface charge distribution on a dielectric from capacitive probe measurement-application to a cone-type spacer in ±500kV DC-GIS[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Power Delivery, 1988, 3(1): 165-172.
[23] 付洋洋, 王强, 张贵新, 等. 基于表面电位测量的表面电荷反演计算[J]. 高电压技术, 2013, 39(1): 88-95.
Fu Yangyang, Wang Qiang, Zhang Guixin, et al. Inverse calculation of surface charge based on surface potential measurement[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2013, 39(1): 88-95.
[24] 王邸博. 直流电压下聚四氟乙烯表面电荷的聚散及其对闪络特性的影响[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2015.
[25] Schueller M, Straumann U, Franck C. Role of ion sources for spacer charging in SF 6 gas insulated HVDC systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2014, 21(1): 352-359.
[26] Wang Q, Zhang G, Wang X. Characteristics and mechanisms of surface charge accumulation on a cone-type insulator under DC voltage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2012, 19(1): 150-155.
[27] 王健, 李庆民, 李伯涛, 等. 直流应力下电极表面覆膜对金属微粒启举的影响机理研[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(5): 119-127.
Wang Jian, Li Qingmin, Li Botao, et al. Mechanism analysis of the electrode-coating’s impact on the particle-lifting under DC voltage[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(5): 119-127.
[28] Jing T. Surface charge accumulation in SF 6 : mecha- nisms and effects[M]. TU Delft: Delft University of Technology, 1993.
[29] 金维芳. 电介质物理学[M]. 2版. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1997.
[30] 刘志民, 邱毓昌. 对绝缘子表面电荷积聚机理的讨论[J]. 电工技术学报, 1999, 14(2): 65-68.
Li Zhimin, Qiu Yuchang. The discussion about accumulation mechanism of surface charge on insulating spacer[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 1999, 14(2): 65-68.
[31] Volpov E. HVDC gas insulated apparatus: electric field specificity and insulation design concept[J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 2002, 18(2): 7-36.
[32] Nakanishi K, Yoshioka A, Arahata Y, et al. Surface charging on epoxy spacer at DC stress in compressed SF 6 gas[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1983(12): 3919-3927.
[33] Lutz B, Kindersberger J. Surface charge accumu- lation on cylindrical polymeric model insulators in air: simulation and measurement[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2011, 18(6): 2040-2048.
[34] Iwabuchi H, Donen T, Matsuoka S, et al. Influence of surface conductivity nonuniformity on charge accumu- lation of GIS downsized model spacer under DC field application[J]. Electrical Engineering in Japan, 2012, 181(2): 29-36.
[35] Okabe S. Phenomena and mechanism of electric charges on spacers in gas insulated switchgears[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2007, 14(1): 46-52.
[36] Winter A, Kindersberger J. Transient field distri- bution in gas-solid insulation systems under DC voltages[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2014, 21(1): 116-128.
[37] Volpov E. Electric field modeling and field formation mechanism in HVDC SF 6 gas insulated systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2003, 10(2): 204-215.
[38] Ma G, Zhou H, Li C, et al. Designing epoxy insu- lators in SF 6 -filled DC-GIL with simulations of ionic conduction and surface charging[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2015, 22(6): 3312-3320.
[39] Kumada A, Okabe S. Charge distribution measure- ment on a truncated cone spacer under dc voltage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2004, 11(6): 929-938.
[40] Winter A, Kindersberger J. Stationary resistive field distribution along epoxy resin insulators in air under DC voltage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2012, 19(5): 1732-1739.
[41] Straumann U, Schuller M, Franck C. Theoretical investigation of HVDC disc spacer charging in SF 6 gas insulated systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2012, 19(6): 2196-2205.
[42] 陈曦, 王霞, 吴锴, 等. 温度梯度场对高直流电压下聚乙烯中空间电荷及场强畸变的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2011, 26(3): 13-19.
Chen Xi, Wang Xia, Wu Kai, et al. Space charge accumulation and stress distortion in polyethylene under high DC voltage and temperature gradient[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2011, 26(3): 13-19.
[43] 汪沨, 方志, 邱毓昌. 高压直流GIS中绝缘子的表面电荷积聚的研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(3): 105-109.
Wang Feng, Fang Zhi, Qiu Yuchang. Study of charge accumulation on insulator surface in HVDC gas-insulated switchgear[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005, 25(3): 105-109.
[44] 汪沨, 肖登明, 陈庆国, 等. 介质分界面电荷积聚过程分析[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2001, 34(4): 347-350.
Wang Feng, Xiao Dengming, Chen Qingguo, et al. Analysis of charge accumulation at dielectric interface[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2001, 34(4): 347-350.
[45] 王邸博, 唐炬, 陶加贵, 等. 直流电压下闪络及电晕后聚合物表面电荷积聚特性[J]. 高电压技术, 2015, 41(11): 3618-3627.
Wang Dibo, Tang Ju, Tao Jiagui, et al. Surface charge accumulation characteristics on polymer after flashover and corona charging under DC voltage[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(11): 3618-3627.
[46] 陈士修, 解广润. 温度对电晕特性的影响[J]. 高电压技术, 1994, 20(3): 3-8.
Chen Shixiu, Xie Guangrun. The effect of temper- ature on the corona performances[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 1994, 20(3): 3-8.
[47] Lutz B, Kindersberger J. Influence of the relative humidity on the DC potential distribution of poly- meric cylindrical model insulators[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, Tokyo, Japan, 2010: 541-544.
[48] Elkhodary S M, Hackam R. Generation of surface charges on an insulator in SF 6 gas[C]//1993 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Pocono Manor, PA, 1993: 336-342.
[49] De Lorenzi A, Grando L, Pesce A, et al. Modeling of epoxy resin spacers for the 1 MV DC gas insulated line of ITER neutral beam injector system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2009, 16(1): 77-87.
[50] Volpov E. Dielectric strength coordination and generalized spacer design rules for HVAC/DC SF 6 gas insulated systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2004, 11(6): 949-963.
[51] 刘亚强, 安振连, 仓俊, 等. 氟化时间对环氧树脂绝缘表面电荷积累的影响[J]. 物理学报, 2012, 61(15): 1-8.
Liu Yaqiang, An Zhenlian, Cang Jun, et al. Influence of fluorination time on surface charge accumulation on epoxy resin insulation[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(15): 1-8.
[52] 李昂, 杜伯学, 徐航, 等. 表层氟化环氧纳米复合材料表面的电荷动态特性[J]. 高电压技术, 2015, 41(2): 410-416.
Li Ang, Du Boxue, Xu Hang, et al. Surface charge accumulation and decay of direct-fluorinated epoxy TiO 2 nanocomposites[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(2): 410-416.
[53] 高宇, 杜伯学. 伽玛线辐射对环氧树脂表面电荷积聚特性的影响[J]. 高分子材料科学与工程, 2012, 28(11): 46-49.
Gao Yu, Du Boxue. Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on surface charge accumulation of epoxy resin[J]. Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, 2012, 28(11): 46-49.
[54] 高宇, 杜伯学. 伽玛线辐射对环氧树脂表面电荷消散特性的影响[J]. 高电压技术, 2012, 38(4): 824-830.
Gao Yu, Du Boxue. Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on surface charge decaying characteristics of epoxy resin[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2012, 38(4): 824-830.
[55] 马云飞, 章程, 李传扬, 等. 重频脉冲放电等离子体处理聚合物材料加快表面电荷消散的实验研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(6): 1731-1738.
Ma Yunfei, Zhang Cheng, Li Chuanyang, et al. Experimental study of accelerating surface charge dissipation on polymer treated byrepetitively pulsed discharge plasmas[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(6): 1731-1738. |
|
|
|
2017, Vol. 32 
