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| Frequency Regulation Characteristic Compensation Strategy of Non-Synchronous Sources Based on Measured Power |
| Huang Ziyang1, Tian Xiaokang1, Tian Guangyuan2, Yuan Shaojun2, Li Gengyin1 |
1. State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China;
2. State Grid Jibei Electric Power Company Limited Chengde Power Supply Company Chengde 067000 China |
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Abstract The large-scale integration of renewable energy sources such as wind and photovoltaic has weakened the inertial response and primary frequency regulation capability of system, posing severe challenges to frequency stability. Relying solely on synchronous generators can hardly achieve high-quality transient frequency regulation, making it urgent to explore new frequency regulation resources and methods. Non?synchronous sources with converter interfaces, such as wind turbine generators, photovoltaic units, and energy storage systems, feature flexible operation modes and possess multi?timescale frequency regulation capabilities. Overcoming source heterogeneity and fully unleashing the frequency regulation potential of these non?synchronous sources has become a key issue in designing effective frequency regulation strategies.
Currently, most studies still refer to the frequency regulation characteristics of synchronous generators when constructing regulation strategies for non?synchronous sources, which limits the full exploitation of their active support capability under different regulation conditions. Another line of research attempts to break away from the synchronous generator response framework and design customized regulation strategies. However, these designs often rely heavily on specific models and lack generality. Some studies have begun to shift toward automated and intelligent frequency regulation strategies, but they usually involve complex modeling and require multi?step solutions, making it difficult to guarantee control timeliness.
To address these limitations, this paper introduces a novel transient frequency regulation strategy from the perspective of compensating other sources. First, a simplified model of non-synchronous sources that includes a unified form of energy conversion process is established, mapping heterogeneous dynamics into a unified form of energy conversion links. Then, with the goal of achieving overdamped transient frequency response, a model-free frequency regulation characteristic compensation strategy based on measured power is proposed, accompanied by a reference power generation link for operational state switching. Moreover, considering the spatial distribution characteristics of the sources to be compensated, a line loss deviation correction strategy is developed to enhance the regulation performance. Finally, simulations conducted on an IEEE 9-bus extended system under different scenarios confirm the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy in improving transient frequency response.
The main conclusion of this paper can be summarized as follows:
(1) The proposed strategy exhibits strong generality. Within a unified energy framework, it is applicable to heterogeneous non-synchronous sources such as wind turbine generators, photovoltaic units, and battery energy storage systems, without requiring prior knowledge of the complete frequency regulation characteristics of the compensated sources, thereby effectively exploiting the frequency regulation potential of various source types.
(2) The proposed strategy demonstrates excellent control performance. When compensating for the frequency regulation characteristics of synchronous generators, its regulation effectiveness is significantly superior to that of the conventional SIC and CFC strategies, and the energy of non-synchronous sources is efficiently utilized. When the frequency regulation characteristics of all synchronous generators are fully compensated, the system can achieve an overdamped transient frequency response.
(3) The proposed strategy possesses strong scenario adaptability. It can effectively eliminate the adverse effects of line loss deviations on the transient frequency response, while ensuring that energy remains within limits during the regulation process through output constraints.
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Received: 07 January 2026
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2026, Vol. 41 
