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| Power Decoupling Control Strategy of Rotary Power Flow Controller Based on Power Tracking Algorithm |
| Yan Xiangwu1, Wu Weilin1, Liang Baixue1, Yan Jun2, Shao Chen3, Yi Xingping1, Sheng Hanzhu1 |
1. Hebei Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Micro-Grid North China Electric Power University Baoding 071003 China;
2. Inner Mongolia Power (Group) Corporation Limited Hohhot 010010 China;
3. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 China |
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Abstract With the continuous increase in the penetration of distributed generation, the operation and dispatching of distribution networks are facing unprecedented challenges. Issues such as line overloading, voltage limit violations, and increased uncertainty in power flow distribution have become increasingly prominent. These problems not only threaten the safe and stable operation of the network but also complicate the realization of efficient and reliable power supply. To address these emerging challenges, flexible and adaptive regulation technologies are urgently needed.
The rotary power flow controller (RPFC), which is an electromagnetic type of flexible AC interconnection device composed of rotary phase-shifting transformers, has been demonstrated as an effective tool for flexible regulation of distribution networks. By enabling continuous and adjustable power flow control along distribution feeders, RPFC can mitigate network congestion, redistribute line loading, and achieve balanced power flow across interconnected feeders.
Nevertheless, existing RPFC power decoupling methods, which are primarily based on instantaneous power theory, rely on the assumption that the line impedance is dominated by reactance. Under this condition, active and reactive power flows can be effectively decoupled and independently controlled. However, in low-voltage distribution feeders, the resistive component of line impedance becomes significant and cannot be neglected. This change in impedance characteristics leads to strong coupling between active and reactive power flows, thereby reducing the effectiveness of conventional decoupling methods. Consequently, the practical application of RPFC in low-voltage distribution networks is severely constrained.
To overcome the above limitation, this paper developed and investigated a novel RPFC power decoupling regulation method based on a power-tracking algorithm. First, a detailed RPFC power regulation model was established, explicitly considering the impact of line resistance. The power flow regulation characteristics of RPFC were then systematically analyzed, and the reasons why existing control strategies fail to achieve effective decoupling in low-voltage networks were explored. A quantitative analysis was carried out on the response characteristics of both active and reactive power to the two phase-shifting angles after RPFC integration. By constructing three-dimensional response surfaces and corresponding contour plots of power flow with respect to phase-shifting angles, it is revealed that active and reactive power exhibit different sensitivity patterns to the phase-shifting angles, providing a theoretical basis for the proposed method.
Building upon this observation, a new RPFC power decoupling strategy was proposed using the power-tracking algorithm. A novel variable termed “power-phase-shift-angle sensitivity” was introduced to describe the relationship between variations in power flow and changes in phase-shift angles. On this basis, the principle of power decoupling regulation was derived, and a tangent-angle solving rule as well as a complete power regulation procedure for the decoupling process were formulated. A corresponding flowchart was designed to clearly illustrate the regulation sequence. The proposed decoupling control strategy operates by applying small perturbations to the two phase-shifting angles, analyzing the variations in line power before and after perturbation, and determining the regulation direction according to the established sensitivity relationships, thereby enabling effective decoupled control of active and reactive power.
To validate the effectiveness and practical feasibility of the proposed approach, experimental studies were carried out on a 380 V/40 kV·A RPFC experimental platform. The validation includes three types of tests: power setpoint variation experiments, load disturbance experiments, and power balancing experiments under multiple line parameter conditions. The experimental results consistently demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of accurately regulating power flow, achieving effective decoupling of active and reactive power, and maintaining desirable control performance even under varying network conditions.
The findings confirm the validity and robustness of the proposed control strategy, highlighting its potential for practical deployment of RPFC in low-voltage distribution networks.
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Received: 23 June 2025
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2026, Vol. 41 
