Abstract The sound source localization method based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) is currently the mainstream method for fault location of gas-insulated transmission line (GIL). The GIL shell is similar to the cylindrical shell, and the acoustic wave propagating along the shell has the dispersion and multi-modal characteristics, which increases the difficulty of precise positioning. In recent years, people have studied the acoustic wave transmission process on GIL, but most of the studies have ignored the influence of guided wave characteristics on the transmission of acoustic wave, and the research results are deviated from the actual situation. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a GIL shell acoustic transmission analysis model considering guided wave dispersion and multi-modal characteristics, determines the guided wave mode suitable for GIL fault location and the attenuation and time delay caused by GIL non-straight tube structure, which effectively improves the fault location accuracy of GIL. Firstly, the dispersion curve of guided wave in the typical 220 kV GIL shell is drawn, and the guided wave modes in the frequency range of 0~100 kHz are determined. Secondly, a finite element model of acoustic wave transmission in the long-distance GIL straight pipe is established, and the propagation characteristics of guided waves are studied by applying different excitation to the model. According to the simulation results and the requirements of GIL sound source localization, the effective frequency band and guided wave mode suitable for fault location are determined. Thirdly, in order to study the location advantages of the selected guided wave mode in the GIL non-straight pipe section and the attenuation and time delay by the GIL non-straight pipe structure, the expansion joint, gas basin insulator and other non-straight pipe structures are added to the long-distance GIL straight pipe model. Finally, the selected guided wave mode is used for GIL field location test, and the influence of the attenuation and time delay of the GIL non-straight pipe structure are considered in the localization algorithm. The effectiveness of the analysis model is verified according to the location results. The results show that the propagation distance required for F(1, 1) mode to separate from the original wave packet is within 2 m in the 20~60 kHz frequency band. In the GIL straight pipe section, the amplitude of F(1, 1) mode is about 20 times that of the front modes, and the amplitude is attenuated up to 30% after 10m of propagation. In the process of propagation, the shape of F(1, 1) mode is more stable than the modes of the rear secondary acoustic wave. In terms of temporal and spatial distribution, it is easy to distinguish with the front and rear modes, and can be used as the preferred mode for fault location. For F(1, 1) mode, GIL non-straight pipe structures such as single-stage expansion joints, double-stage expansion joints, and gas basin insulator will cause 90%, 96%, and 60% attenuation, and 0.6 ms, 1.1 ms, 0.03 ms delay. The error of using F(1, 1) mode for fault location in an interval with the length of 20 m is about 1 m. Further considering the influence of the attenuation and time delay of the GIL non-straight pipe structure, the positioning error can be reduced to about 0.3 m, which proves the effectiveness of the analysis model in improving the fault location accuracy of GIL. The following conclusions can be drawn from the results: (1) The GIL shell acoustic transmission analysis model can effectively consider the influence of guided wave dispersion and multi-modal characteristics on GIL sound source localization, and the F(1, 1) mode has great fault location advantage. (2) The location frequency band of 20~60 kHz reduces the interference of guided wave dispersion and environmental noise to GIL sound source localization, which helps to improve the accuracy of fault location. (3) The GIL non-straight pipe structure will cause a large amplitude attenuation and a certain degree of time delay to the F(1, 1) mode. Considering the influence of the attenuation and time delay of the GIL non-straight pipe structure in fault location can make the positioning error is further reduced by more than 60%.
Du Zhiye,Hao Zhaoyang,Zhao Pengfei等. Research on Propagation Characteristics of Gas-Insulated Transmission Line Ultrasonic Guided Wave for Sound Source Localization[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(3): 852-862.
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2024, Vol. 39 
