核电多相无刷励磁系统中旋转整流器不同开路故障模式的特征分析及诊断

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221408

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Abstract The excitation system with a multi-phase annular brushless exciter (MPABE) is widely used in large-capacity nuclear power plants. However, the rectifier open-circuit fault caused by diodes or fuses damage often occurs in field operation. The fault types can be classified as one-tube open-circuit fault, one-phase open-circuit fault, and two-phase open-circuit fault. The actual site needs to reliably diagnose the open-circuit fault occurrence of multi-phase rotating rectifiers and accurately distinguish the fault modes. Since the field winding of the exciter is located at the stator and the rectifier rotates with the rotor at high speed, the rectifier fault cannot be monitored directly. Therefore, it is an effective way to diagnose the rotating rectifier fault using the excitation current characteristics. Hence, this paper analyzes the rectifier fault mechanism and proposes a new rectifier open-circuit fault diagnosis method based on the time-frequency characteristics of the fault excitation current.
Firstly, the operation mechanism of an 11-phase annular brushless excitation system is analyzed theoretically. Based on the diode conduction sequence and the position of the fault diode in the motor operation period, the time-domain waveform of the fault excitation current is analyzed. Secondly, based on the influence mechanism of the fault diode on excitation current, the fault component of excitation current is analyzed, and the frequency-domain characteristics and spectrum distribution of one-tube open-circuit, one-phase open-circuit and two-phase open-circuit of the rotating diode are obtained. The experiments were carried out on a particular 11-phase exciter prototype. The theoretical analysis is consistent with the prototype experimental results. Finally, based on the combination of time-domain, frequency-domain, and spectrum distribution characteristics of exciter stator excitation current, a new fault diagnosis method of rotating rectifier open-circuit fault in MPABE is proposed for the rectifier one-tube open-circuit fault, one-phase open-circuit fault and two-phase open-circuit fault. The prototype experiment shows that this method can reliably identify all diode open-circuit faults of different modes.
Frequency-domain characteristics indicate the occurrence of a fault. The frequency-domain characteristics of excitation current after rectifier one-phase open-circuit fault and two-phase open-circuit fault are the same, and the harmonic quantity of two-phase fault is not always greater than that of one-phase fault. However, there is a more significant difference between two-phase fault and one-phase fault in time-domain characteristics and spectrum distribution characteristics of excitation current. Therefore, this paper combines the time-domain characteristics with the frequency-domain characteristics to diagnose different faults of the rectifier. The frequency-domain characteristics activate the protection and identify the rectifier’s one-tube open-circuit fault and one-phase open-circuit fault. Then the time-domain and spectrum distribution characteristics are used to distinguish the rectifier’s two-phase open-circuit faults at different locations.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the theoretical analysis and experimental results: (1) After a one-tube open-circuit fault, one period excitation current waveform contains a distortion, the corresponding frequency-domain characteristics are all integer-order harmonic currents, and the distribution characteristics of RMS are decreasing in sequence. (2) After a one-phase open-circuit fault, there are two distortions in the excitation current waveform of one period, the corresponding frequency-domain characteristics are even-order harmonic currents, and the distribution characteristic of RMS decreases in sequence. (3) After a two-phase open-circuit fault, one period of excitation current contains two or four distortions. The frequency domain is even-order harmonic currents. Regarding distribution characteristics, the 1^st and 3^rd phase open-circuit faults are mainly 2^nd and 6^th harmonic current, and the 1^st and 5^th phase open-circuit faults are mainly 4^th harmonic current. (4) The proposed diagnosis method can reliably distinguish diode open-circuit faults of all modes.

Key words： Multi-phase annular brushless exciter rectifier fault excitation current time-domain frequency-domain spectral distribution

Received: 22 July 2022

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TM341

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	Hao Liangliang
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Cite this article:

Hao Liangliang,Chen Jianlin,Duan Xianwen等. Analysis and Diagnosis of Different Open-Circuit Fault Modes of Rotating Rectifier in Multi-Phase Brushless Excitation System at Nuclear Power Plant[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(18): 4932-4946.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221408 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y2023/V38/I18/4932

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