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| Wide Frequency Range Vibration Energy Harvester Based on Asymmetric Springs |
| Gao Kai1, Peng Han2, Wang Shaojing1, Xu Peng1, Chen Yong2, Chen Jiahua2, Sun Hanyi2 |
1. State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Research Institute Shanghai 200437 China;
2. State Key Lab of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China |
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Abstract With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, more and more wireless sensor networks and low-power electronic devices are widely used. At present, the primary power source of these devices is still traditional chemical batteries. These batteries have a low energy density, short lifespan, and environmental pollution. Moreover, replacing batteries for hundreds of millions of sensors requires many human and material resources. Therefore, obtaining energy from environmental energy, such as the sun, heat, wind, and vibration, as an alternative energy source for these devices has attracted considerable research interest. Among these energy sources, the vibration energy in the environment is widely regarded as one of the most concerned and researched energy sources because of its existence and not restricted by the environment. However, vibrations in the environment usually have broad frequency characteristics. In order to effectively harvest energy from these vibration sources, a wide frequency range energy harvester is required.
This paper proposes a novel vibration energy harvester with a wide frequency range based on asymmetric springs. A new architecture of dual-asymmetric-springs with one magnet is discussed for wide frequency range coverage, flexible vibration pattern, and easy implementation.
Firstly, the basic theory of electromagnetic power generation is introduced, and the physical characteristics of planar springs with bentbeams are investigated. The characteristic frequencies of different spring designs are presented, which is helpful for future design adjustments. It is concluded that the thicker the spring thickness is, the higher the characteristic frequency. The more spring beams are, the higher the characteristic frequency will be. The longer the spring beams are, the higher the characteristic frequency will be.
Secondly, the architecture of a vibration energy harvester with asymmetric springs is explored. Vibration movement feature and electromagnetic conversion features are fully discussed with Finite-element analysis. The proposed architecture has three different vibration patterns, which can be adapted to different vibration environments. The time domain vibration movements are also shown. It is concluded that with asymmetric springs, two peak movement amplitudes appear at different frequencies. For the same spring, the amplitude at a lower characteristic frequency is higher than at a higher one. The lower the characteristic frequency is, the steeper the amplitude will be. The thicker the spring is, the two characteristic frequencies are more away from each other.
Finally, the prototype of the proposed vibration energy harvester based on asymmetric springs is designed and fabricated. Magnetic of N38 is selected. The outer case and asymmetric springs are fabricated through 3D printing. The overall size of the prototype is 62 mm×32 mm×17 mm, with the diameter of a single spring of 25 mm, a magnet size of 40 mm×20 mm×5 mm, and a coil at one side of 3 mm. The prototype is tested using a vibration testing platform in the lab. When the thickness of the springs is 0.6 mm, and one is two beams and the other is three beams, the harvested voltage reach two peak value of 529.1 mV and 229.7 mV at the characteristic frequency of 34 Hz and 61 Hz, respectively. When the thickness of the springs is adjusted to 1 mm, and one is two beams and the other is three beams, the harvested voltage reaches two peak values of 632.6 mV and 244.9 mV at the characteristic frequency of 67 Hz and 115 Hz, respectively. The peak harvest power of the proposed vibration energy harvester based on asymmetric springs reaches 200 μW.
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Received: 28 March 2022
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2023, Vol. 38 
