1. State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China; 2. Beijing Key Laboratory of High Voltage and Electromagnetic Compatibility North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
Abstract X-ray has the capability to ionize the dielectrics due to its relative high energy, and it may have a potential influence on partial discharge (PD) process. In this paper, the PD phenomena induced by X-ray are explained, such as void discharge in solid insulation, void discharge and oil gap discharge in oil-paper insulation. Then, the mechanism of the X-ray induced PD is reviewed, including X-ray would supply enough electrons for voids, decrease the statistical lag of voids and reduce the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV). After that, the application of X-ray induced PD techniques in the GIS main insulation, the epoxy resin casting insulation and the oil-paper insulation are summarized. Last but not the least, the future research emphasis on X-ray induced PD techniques in insulation assessment is revealed.
[1] 严璋, 朱德恒. 高电压绝缘技术[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2002. [2] Kuffel E, Zaengl W S, Kuffel J. High voltage engineering foundamentals[M]. 2nd ed. Woburn: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000. [3] CIGRE Working Group D1.03. Risk assessment on defects in GIS based on PD Diagnostics[R]. CIGRE, 2013: 9-11. [4] Mole G. Location of discharging cavity in 33kV metalclad busbar by the use of X-rays[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1967, 114(10): 1558-1560. [5] Rizzetto S, Fujimoto N, Stone G C. A system for the detection and location of partial discharges using X-rays[C]//Conference Record of the IEEE Inter- national Symposium on Electrical Insulation, Cambridge, USA, 1988: 262-266. [6] Braun J M, Rizzetto S, Fujimoto N, et al. Modulation of partial discharge activity in GIS insulators by X-ray irradiation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, 1991, 26(3): 460-468. [7] Fujimoto N, Rizzetto S, Braun J M. Partial discharge XV improved PD testing of solid dielectrics using X-ray induced discharge initiation[J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1992, 8(6): 33-41. [8] Braun J M, Rizzetto S, Fujimoto N, et al. X-ray induced partial discharge testing of full-size EHV insulators[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference, Los Angeles, USA, 1996: 197-203. [9] Tehlar D, Riechert U, Behrmann G, et al. Pulsed X-ray induced partial discharge diagnostics for routine testing of solid GIS insulators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2013, 20(6): 2173-2178. [10] Tehlar D, Riechert U, Behrmann G, et al. Test stand for high voltage insulator partial discharge testing with ultra short X-ray pulses[C]//IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics, Bologna, Italy, 2013: 71-74. [11] Hayashi M, Takada H, Kozako M, et al. Study on time lag of void discharge in epoxy resin by considering attenuation of X-ray irradiation dose[C]// Proceedings of International Conference on Electrical Insulating Materials, Kyoto, 2011: 405- 408. [12] Hikita M, Kozako M, Takada H, et al. X-ray irradiation induced discharge of spherical void in epoxy resin[C]//IEEE Electrical Insulation Con- ference, Annapolis, 2011: 464-468. [13] Adili S, Franck C M. Application of pulsed X-ray induced partial discharge measurements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2012, 19(5): 1833-1839. [14] Adili S, Herrmann L G, Franck C M. Time resolved measurements of X-ray induced partial discharges[C]// 2012 IEEE Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Montreal, 2012: 125-128. [15] Adili S, Herrmann L G, Franck C M. Investigating the inception mechanism of pulsed X-ray triggered partial discharges by time resolved measurements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2013, 20(5): 1780-1788. [16] Adili S, Franck C M. Partial discharges characteri- zation in spherical voids using ultra-short X-ray pulses[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2014, 21(2): 791-799. [17] Koch M, Bujotzek M, Franck C M. Inception level of partial discharges in SF 6 induced with short X-ray pulses[C]//IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Des Moines, 2014: 11-14. [18] Huang Xingquan, Li Chengrong, Guo Lin, et al. Partial discharge phenomena with X-ray irradiation[C]// Proceedings of the 6th International IEEE Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, Xi’an, 2000, 2: 733-736. [19] Guo Lin, Huang Xingquan, Li Chengrong, et al. X-ray induced partial discharge phenomena in cavities and transformer oil[C]//11th International Symposium on IEEE High Voltage Engineering, London, 1999, 3: 364-367. [20] 郭琳, 黄兴泉, 刘树春, 等. X射线辐照对局部放电的影响[J]. 高电压技术, 1999, 25(3): 47-48, 51. Guo Lin, Huang Xingquan, Liu Shuchun, et al. The influence of X-ray radiation on partial discharge[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 1999, 25(3): 47-48, 51. [21] 刘树春. X射线激励下局部放电特性的试验研究[D].北京: 华北电力大学, 2000. [22] 黄兴泉, 郭琳, 李成榕, 等. X射线激励下介质中气隙放电的研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2000, 15(3): 25-27, 15. Huang Xingquan, Guo Lin, Li Chengrong, et al. Study of dielectric discharge in cavities under X-ray irradiation[J]. Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society, 2000, 15(3): 25-27, 15. [23] 郭琳, 李成榕, 丁立健, 等. 油/纸绝缘中的受激放电现象分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2001, 16(4): 80-84. Guo Lin, Li Chengrong, Ding Lijian, et al. Analyzing of discharge induced by X-ray irradiation in oil/paper insulation[J]. Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society, 2001, 16(4): 80-84. [24] 郭琳, 黄兴泉, 李成榕, 等. X射线激励下的油间隙放电现象[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2001, 21(10): 117-121. Guo Lin, Huang Xingquan, Li Chengrong, et al. Partial discharge phenomena with X-ray irradiation in oil-gap[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2001, 21(10): 117-121. [25] 黄兴泉. X射线激励下油/纸绝缘系统中局部放电现象的实验研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2001. [26] Makki S, Kozako M, Hikita M, et al. Effect of X-ray irradiation on partial discharge inception and extinction voltage characteristics of cast resin trans- former insulation system[C]//IEEE International Con- ference on Solid Dielectrics, Bologna, 2013: 79-82. [27] Adili S, Franck C M, Sert S B, et al. Pulsed X-ray induced partial discharge: phase and time-resolved measurements[C]//IEEE Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Cancun, Mexico, 2011: 32-35. [28] Schmitt C, Herrmann L G, Pancheshnyi S, et al. X-ray triggered PD measurements in small sized spherical voids at the detection limit[C]//IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Des Moines, 2014: 150-153. [29] da Silva G C, Filho V S, Robert R. Study of continuous and pulsed X-ray induced partial discharge statistical behaviour in epoxy samples[C]// Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, Nagoya, Japan, 2003, 3: 831-834. [30] Silva G C, Swinka-Filho V, Robert R. Continuous and pulsed X-ray induced partial discharges: similarities and differences[C]//IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena. Kansas City, 2006: 598-601. [31] Pritchard L S, Graham D S, Ryan H M. Evaluation of X-ray induced partial discharge technique for epoxy resin insulation systems[C]//Seventh IET International Conference on Dielectric Materials, Measurements and Applications, Bath, UK, 1996: 271-276. [32] Pritchard L S, Graham J S. X-ray induced partial discharge-an application for high voltage insulation diagnostics[C]//IEE Colloquium on Materials Char- acterisation, London, 1997, 7: 1-3. [33] 黄兴泉, 郭琳, 娄玉红, 等. 基于X射线激励下的局部放电检测及定位新方法[J]. 高电压技术, 1999, 25(1): 16-17, 20. Huang Xingquan, Guo Lin, Lou Yuhong, et al. A new method of partial discharge detection and location by using X-ray exciting[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 1999, 25(1): 16-17, 20. [34] Inatomi A, Kozako M, Hikita M, et al. Effect of X-ray irradiation on partial discharge inception and extinction characteristics in cast resin transformer[C]// IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference, Seattle, 2015: 575-578. [35] 广州供电局有限公司电力试验研究院. 天河站220kV GIS #2变高间隔C相局部放电缺陷诊断与分析专题报告[R]. 广州: 南方电网公司, 2015.
2017, Vol. 32 
