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| Voltage/Power Factor Coordination Control Strategy of Rotary Power Flow Controller Based on Line Impedance Regulation Principle |
| Jia Jiaoxin1, Wu Weilin1, Shao Chen2, Yan Xiangwu1, Cai Wenchao1, Jiang Zhiyuan1 |
1. Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Microgrid North China Electric Power University Baoding 071003 China;
2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 China |
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Abstract With strong national policy support and continuous advancements in renewable energy generation technologies, the integration of distributed renewable energy into distribution networks has been increasing annually. This trend has affected the electrical characteristics of the system, including power flow distribution, voltage levels, and short-circuit capacity, leading to power factor deterioration and overvoltage. To achieve integrated control of feeder voltage and power factor in active distribution networks, this paper proposes a coordinated voltage/power factor control strategy for the rotary power flow controller (RPFC) based on the principle of line impedance regulation.
Firstly, the topology and steady-state characteristics of the RPFC are analyzed. Based on the RPFC mathematical model, an equivalent model for its steady-state output impedance is developed, representing the RPFC as an impedance model composed of a compensating impedance in series with an internal impedance. By adjusting the phase angles of the RPFC, the impedance relationship between the output voltage and the compensation impedance can be dynamically controlled, allowing the regulation of the compensation impedance and thereby achieving the voltage control at the terminal of the connection point.
According to the phase relationship between the output voltage and the line current, the RPFC can operate in three modes of compensation: resistive, capacitive, and resistive-capacitive compensation. In resistive compensation mode, the output voltage phase aligns with the current phase, equivalent to inserting a compensating resistor with adjustable polarity and magnitude in series with the line. In capacitive compensation mode, the output voltage lags the line current by 90°, equivalent to inserting a compensating reactance with adjustable polarity and magnitude in series with the line. In resistive-capacitive compensation mode, the RPFC adjusts both the output voltage magnitude and phase, effectively inserting a compensating impedance with adjustable resistance and reactance.
Next, the compensation characteristics of the RPFC in the three modes-resistive, capacitive, and resistive-capacitive-are analyzed. Phasor diagrams for each mode are presented, and expressions for the voltage and power factor are derived. The advantages and disadvantages of each compensation mode are discussed.
Then, the mathematical model of the RPFC-connected line is analyzed using dq transformation, and a voltage/power factor control model based on the decoupling characteristics of the RPFC impedance is proposed. In this model, the d-axis component of the line current is regulated by the compensation resistance, while the q-axis component is controlled by the compensation reactance. Accordingly, the control of the line current is decoupled for independent regulation of each element through the RPFC’s compensation impedance. A voltage/power factor decoupling control method is designed. Herein, the equivalent impedance is calculated from the target voltage and power factor values. The impedance is then converted into a rotational angle set point, and zero-error control is achieved through the inner-loop speed control of the RPFC.
Finally, simulations and experiments are conducted. The results demonstrate that the RPFC can regulate its output voltage, enabling the output terminal to exhibit resistive or capacitive characteristics. Under varying voltage and power factor set points, the RPFC effectively adjusts the line voltage and power factor to maintain optimal performance. Furthermore, the control error of the RPFC is kept within 1.4%, validating the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for continuous voltage and power factor regulation in active distribution networks.
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Received: 02 November 2024
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2025, Vol. 40 
