|
|
|
| A Parameter Optimization Design Method for Isolated Triple Active Bridge Converter Based on Hierarchical Constraints |
| Li Jia1, Cen Ruping1, Long Hongyu1, Wu Hang2, Luo Quanming3 |
1. School of Automation Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing 400000 China;
2. Chongqing Tsingshan Industrial Company Chongqing 402760 China;
3. National Key Laboratory of Power Transmission and Transformation Equipment Technology Chongqing University Chongqing 400000 China |
|
|
|
Abstract Under the premise of determining the conversion topology, the main circuit parameters' design directly affects the converter's steady-state performance, including voltage regulation capability, power transfer efficiency, and soft-switching characteristics. Therefore, precise parameter design not only enhances the overall performance of the converter but also ensures that it meets the expected outcomes in practical applications. Currently, the mainstream approach combines software simulation and engineering validation. Although such design philosophy is widely utilized in engineering practice, the accuracy of the design results entirely depends on the computational precision of the power electronic simulation tools. Meanwhile, the design process heavily relies on the engineer's experience to narrow the parameter range. Repeated validation and iterative optimization of simulation and hardware platforms can lead to a cumbersome and time-consuming design process.
In light of these issues, researchers are gradually shifting their focus toward numerical design methods based on object-oriented mathematical models. Professor J. W. Kolar's research team elucidates the essence of parameter optimization design for power electronic converters from a mathematical perspective. It defines the set of circuit parameters used for design as the parameter design space and the set of performance metrics (including operational efficiency, power density, cost, reliability, etc.) as the performance space. The mathematical model of the converter is used to establish the mapping relationship between the design space and the performance space. By determining the design space, performance space, and the mapping relationship, the parameter optimization design problem can ultimately be transformed into a mathematical optimization problem and solved using computational techniques.
However, research on parameter design has primarily focused on two-port converters, with limited studies on optimizing circuit parameters for multi-port converters. Multi-port converters involve numerous design parameters, including the turns ratio of high-frequency transformers and the values of power inductors for each port, which typically totals at least six design parameters. The coupling of parameters makes it challenging to determine optimal combinations based solely on the principles of maximum power transfer and voltage gain, as is familiar with two-port dual-active bridge configurations.
This paper proposes a numerical parameter optimization design method based on a hierarchical constraint approach to improve the operational efficiency of the converter across its entire operating range. A detailed analysis of the operational principles of the isolated three-active bridge converter is conducted, establishing a frequency-domain steady-state analysis model. Constraints such as voltage gain, maximum power, and zero voltage switching (ZVS) are sequentially introduced, significantly narrowing the parameter design space and reducing optimization difficulty. Subsequently, the main circuit parameters of the multi-port converter are optimized to minimize the weighted average loss across the entire operational range. The proposed method comprehensively considers the main circuit parameters and their complex coupling, avoiding efficiency degradation due to neglected coupling effects. Furthermore, the optimization process is conducted based on the entire operating range to ensure efficient performance. Finally, simulations and experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve an approximate 1.5% improvement in average efficiency across the entire operating range of the converter.
|
|
Received: 05 September 2024
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 赵先浩, 谢红福, 刘飞, 等. 基于多端口电能路由器的楼宇直流微电网研究与应用[J]. 电气技术, 2022, 23(8): 75-83.
Zhao Xianhao, Xie Hongfu, Liu Fei, et al.Research and application of building DC microgrid based on multi-port power router[J]. Electrical Technology, 2022, 23(8): 75-83.
[2] 张祥宇, 舒一楠, 付媛. 基于虚拟储能的直流微电网源荷储多时间尺度能量优化与分区协调控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(23): 6011-6024.
Zhang Xiangyu, Shu Yinan, Fu Yuan.Multi-time- scale energy optimization and zone coordinated control of DC microgrid source-load-storage based on virtual energy storage[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(23): 6011-6024.
[3] 宋鑫, 肖建国, 牛洁茹, 等. 一种用于新能源混合发电的移相控制三端口DC-DC变流器[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(17): 36-44.
Song Xin, Xiao Jianguo, Niu Jieru, et al.A three-port DC-DC converter with phase shift control for the hybrid renewable energy generation system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(17): 36-44.
[4] Hebala O M, Aboushady A A, Ahmed K H, et al.Generalized active power flow controller for multiactive bridge DC-DC converters with minimum- current-point-tracking algorithm[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Industrial Electronics, 2022, 69(4): 3764-3775.
[5] Pereira T, Hoffmann F, Zhu Rongwu, et al.A comprehensive assessment of multiwinding transformer- based DC-DC converters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(9): 10020-10036.
[6] Wang Panbao, Lu Xiaonan, Wang Wei, et al.Frequency division based coordinated control of three-port converter interfaced hybrid energy storage systems in autonomous DC microgrids[J]. IEEE Access, 2018, 6: 25389-25398.
[7] Chen J Z, Wu Y, Gence C, et al.Integrated electrical and thermal analysis of integrated power electronics modules using iSIGHT[C]//APEC 2001. Sixteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, Anaheim, CA, USA, 2001: 1002-1006.
[8] Hingora N, Liu Xiangyu, Feng Yongfeng, et al.Power-CAD: a novel methodology for design, analysis and optimization of Power Electronic Module layouts[C]//2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2010: 2692-2699.
[9] Kolar J W, Biela J, Waffler S, et al.Performance trends and limitations of power electronic systems[C]// 2010 6th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronics Systems, Nuremberg, Germany, 2010: 1-20.
[10] Kolar J W, Biela J, Minibock J.Exploring the Pareto front of multi-objective single-phase PFC rectifier design optimization-99.2% efficiency vs. 7kW/din3 power density[C]//2009 IEEE 6th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Wuhan, China, 2009: 1-21.
[11] Biela J, Kolar J W, Deboy G.Optimal design of a compact 99.3% efficient single-phase PFC rectifier[C]// 2010 Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Palm Springs, CA, USA, 2010: 1397-1404.
[12] Badstuebner U, Biela J, Kolar J W.Design of an 99%- efficient, 5kW, phase-shift PWM DC-DC converter for telecom applications[C]//2010 Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Palm Springs, CA, USA, 2010: 773-780.
[13] Biela J, Schweizer M, Waffler S, et al. SiC vs. Si- evaluation of potentials for performance improvement of power electronics converter systems by SiC power semiconductors[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2010, 645/646/647/648: 1101-1106.
[14] 刘赞, 沙金, 邱高峰, 等. 多级离散扩展移相控制双有源桥DC-DC变换器的原理、参数设计与性能[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(12): 3761-3773.
Liu Zan, Sha Jin, Qiu Gaofeng, et al.Principle, parameter design, and performance of a multilevel discrete extended phase-shift controlled dual-active- bridge DC-DC converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(12): 3761-3773.
[15] 黄何伟, 曹太强, 潘光绪, 等. 考虑回流功率因素的全桥CLL谐振变换器参数优化设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(20): 5503-5514.
Huang Hewei, Cao Taiqiang, Pan Guangxu, et al.Parameter optimal design of full-bridge CLL resonant converter considering backflow power factor[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(20): 5503-5514.
[16] 何亦飞. 集成OBC-LDC功能的车载三端口变换器研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2020.
He Yifei.Research on vehicle-mounted three-port converter integrating OBC-LDC function[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2020.
[17] Wang Panbao, Lu Xiaonan, Wang Wei, et al.Hardware decoupling and autonomous control of series-resonance-based three-port converters in DC microgrids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Appli- cations, 2019, 55(4): 3901-3914.
[18] 曹阳, 袁立强, 朱少敏, 等. 面向能源互联网的配网能量路由器关键参数设计[J]. 电网技术, 2015, 39(11): 3094-3101.
Cao Yang, Yuan Liqiang, Zhu Shaomin, et al.Parameter design of energy router orienting energy Internet[J]. Power System Technology, 2015, 39(11): 3094-3101.
[19] 李微, 王议锋, 韩富强, 等. 一种隔离型三端口双向LCLC多谐振直流变换器[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(14): 3231-3244.
Li Wei, Wang Yifeng, Han Fuqiang, et al.An isolated three-port bidirectional LCLC multi-resonant DC-DC converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(14): 3231-3244.
[20] 兰征, 王雪丽, 余雪萍, 等. 基于电路分解模型的三有源桥电流有效值优化控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(20): 6488-6501.
Lan Zheng, Wang Xueli, Yu Xueping, et al.Optimal control strategy for triple active bridge current RMS based on circuit decomposition model[J]. Transa- ctions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(20): 6488-6501.
[21] Zhao Biao, Song Qiang, Liu Wenhua, et al.Universal high-frequency-link characterization and practical fundamental-optimal strategy for dual-active-bridge DC-DC converter under PWM plus phase-shift control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(12): 6488-6494.
[22] Li Jia, Luo Quanming, Luo Ting, et al.Efficiency optimization scheme for isolated triple active bridge DC-DC converter with full soft-switching and minimized RMS current[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2022, 37(8): 9114-9128.
[23] Yu Ruiyang, Ho G K Y, Pong B M H, et al. Computer-aided design and optimization of high- efficiency LLC series resonant converter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2012, 27(7): 3243-3256.
[24] Reinert J, Brockmeyer A, De Doncker R W A A. Calculation of losses in Ferro- and ferrimagnetic materials based on the modified Steinmetz equation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2001, 37(4): 1055-1061. |
|
|
|
2025, Vol. 40 
