锂离子电池不析锂充电边界辨析化充电方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240440

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Abstract The development of optimized charging methods without lithium plating is significant in alleviating electric vehicle users' charging and mileage anxiety. Current optimal charging research involves different forms of lithium plating boundaries. Still, their consistency and differences need to be clarified. In practice, a more theoretical basis is needed for choosing the application form of lithium plating boundaries. In addition, current lithium plating-free charging methods tend to switch the current according to the SOC, which makes the control process more complicated. Optimized charging methods should be explored for engineering applications.
Firstly, this paper defines different forms of lithium plating boundary. Specifically, the specific application of the lithium plating boundary is summarized into three forms: (1) The maximum charging current-SOC boundary, called “lithium plating current boundary”; (2) The threshold voltage-charging current boundary, “lithium plating voltage boundary”; (3) The maximum charging current-time curve obtained by combining PID and other control algorithms, “lithium plating online boundary”. A pseudo two dimensional (P2D) electro- chemical model with lithium plating side reactions is developed to obtain the lithium plating boundary. The model’s parameters are partly obtained from the manufacturer and partly identified by the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm. The accuracy of the model is verified at 25℃ and 10℃.
Secondly, three forms of lithium plating boundaries are obtained using dichotomous and proportional integral differential control algorithms. The lithium plating current boundary, lithium plating voltage boundary, and lithium plating online boundary are consistent. Through variable conversion, lithium plating current boundary and lithium plating voltage boundary can be derived from each other, only differing in application forms. The lithium plating online boundary can be transformed into the lithium plating current or voltage boundary. However, the lithium plating current or voltage boundary cannot be transformed into the lithium plating online boundary. It should be noted that the degree of consistency between the lithium plating current boundary and the lithium plating online boundary is affected by the control effect of the closed-loop controller. The consistency between the two boundaries is affected when the controller parameters are incorrect and the convergence time is too long.
Finally, a five-stage constant-current charging method that considers charging time and charging capacity is obtained based on the lithium plating voltage boundary and Genetic Algorithm. Compared with 1C, 2C, and 3C constant current charging, the charging time is reduced by 77.3%, 51.5%, and 22.9%, respectively. The charging capacity is 90.1%, 96.1%, and 101.8% of 1C, 2C, and 3C constant current charging. Four five-stage constant-current and constant-voltage charging methods are proposed, and the influence of the constant-voltage stage on the charging effect is analyzed. The constant voltage stage prolongs the charging time and increases the charging capacity. The smaller the minimum value of current set in the constant voltage stage, the longer the charging time and the larger the charging capacity. The proposed multi-stage constant current charging method switches the current according to the battery voltage without involving intermediate variables such as SOC, which is more straightforward to control and suitable for engineering applications.
The proposed charging method controls the charging process according to the voltage, which can easily be applied in engineering. The proposed multi-stage constant-current constant-voltage charging method can better balance the charging time and charging capacity, providing a new idea for the charging optimization of lithium-ion batteries.

Key words： Lithium-ion battery electrochemical model lithium plating boundary genetic algorithm optimal charging

Received: 19 March 2024

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	Sun Bingxiang
	Ma Shichang
	Chen Xin
	Zhang Xubo
	Zhang Weige

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Sun Bingxiang,Ma Shichang,Chen Xin等. Charging Boundary Analysis and Optimized Charging Method without Lithium Plating for Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(6): 1960-1973.

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