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| Review of Anti-/De-Icing Methods for Wind Turbine Blades under Icing Conditions |
| Hu Qin1, Wang Huan1, Shu Lichun1, Jiang Xingliang1, Xia Hanlin2 |
1. Xuefeng Mountain Energy Equipment Safety National Observation and Research Station of Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China;
2. State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Research Institute Chongqing 401123 China |
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Abstract To address the shortage of fossil fuels and environmental pollution, countries around the world are vigorously developing renewable energy. Data shows that, from 2016 to 2022, the cumulative installed capacity of wind power in both the world and China has increased year by year (from 148.64 GW to 365.44 GW in China, and from 487 GW to 906 GW globally), resulting in an increase in the proportion of total wind power generation. Most wind farms are built in high-humidity and cold regions due to the abundant wind energy. However, wind turbine blades often face icing problems in these areas during winter, which causes mechanical vibration and power loss or even shutdown. This not only seriously affects the reliability of wind turbines, but also poses difficulties for power trading and scheduling. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the icing and anti-/de-icing issues of blades.
Firstly, this paper summarizes the physical formation process of icing on wind turbine blade and points out the current lack of accurate mathematical models to describe the relationship between meteorological parameters and blade icing. Analyzing the icing characteristics of the blades, it is believed that the icing area is mainly concentrated on the windward side of the leading edge of the blade tip; Summarized the impact of blade icing on lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and power loss. It is believed that blade icing will cause a decrease in lift coefficient, an increase in drag coefficient, and a power loss of up to 17%~40%. Creatively presented the current challenges, namely: (1) uncertainty of blade icing, (2) accuracy of power prediction under blade icing, (3) feasibility of blade icing defense plan.
Secondly, in order to facilitate public understanding and the current research status of anti-/de-icing methods for wind turbine blades, this paper provides a comprehensive review and review of existing relevant literature. (1) Scientifically categorize existing methods into three types: active anti-/de-icing methods (including electric and mechanical forms), passive anti icing methods (including hydrophobic and icephobic coatings, etc.), and collaborative anti-/de-icing methods (including 1+1 and 1+1+1 synergistic forms). (2) This paper introduces the basic principles of specific anti-/de-icing methods, qualitatively or quantitatively analyzes their anti-/de-icing effects, and elaborates on their advantages and disadvantages in detail. Moreover, a separate review was creatively conducted on the icephobic coating. (3) A summary and comparative analysis of all methods were conducted in the form of a table. It is recommended to use electric heating method, electric pulse method, pneumatic pulse method, and icephobic coating, especially the synergistic method with electric heating function, to apply to wind turbine blades, which can achieve all-weather anti-/de-icing, but further practical application verification is needed.
Finally, from a holistic perspective, the issue of blade icing detection was considered, and the logical relationship between the three key scientific issues of blade icing detection, resulting power loss, and anti/de-icing was sorted out. It was pointed out that the economic loss caused by blade icing and the economic cost of blade icing detection and anti/de-icing system must follow the principle of economic feasibility, which means economic benefits must be generated, and further qualitative analysis was conducted on the economic feasibility. In addition, this article also provides prospects for key scientific issues and future research trends, namely: (1) Dynamic and real-time detection methods for blade icing. (2) Wind power loss and prediction under icing conditions. (3) Deepening efficient and low-energy consumption anti-/de-icing methods for blades, such as electrothermal method, electric pulse method, pneumatic pulse method, icephobic coating, and collaborative anti-/de-icing methods with electric heating function.
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Received: 03 July 2023
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2024, Vol. 39 
