风储并网发电系统的虚拟多段协同调速与频率安全支撑技术

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241464

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摘要

依据频率安全指标约束,利用风电机组和储能的功率协同支撑潜力以满足系统调频要求,是保障新能源高渗透区域电网安全运行的关键。本文首先建立风储并网发电系统的虚拟转速动态响应模型,针对风储系统的频率调整需求及特点,提出包含频率偏离、风储转换与频率恢复三阶段的风机、储能虚拟转速多段协同调节过程划分方法;其次,计算系统转速响应极值时间,并分析其关键影响因素,在频率安全指标约束下,提出风、储虚拟多段协同调速控制策略,满足风储并网系统的惯量支撑和一次调频需求。最后,搭建风储并网仿真系统,验证虚拟多段调速有利于明晰风储协同支撑功能,适于保障系统频率安全需求。

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关键词 ：调频要求, 虚拟转速, 极值时间, 协同调速, 频率安全

Abstract：

With the increasing proportion of new energy units in power system, the inertia and primary frequency regulation capability are insufficient. Although the grid-connected specifications mandating wind power and energy storage standards, there is still a room for improvement on how to use the power from energy storage in conjunction with wind turbines to ensure the safety of the system frequency. According to the frequency safety index constraint, a virtual multi-stage coordinated speed regulation scheme of the wind power and energy storage was proposed in this paper.
Firstly, based on the frequency regulation demand and characteristics of the wind-storage system, a virtual multi-stage coordinated speed regulation process of wind power and energy storage was proposed, which includes three stages: frequency deviation, wind-storage transition and frequency recovery. Secondly, the speed extreme value time of the system was calculated, and its influencing factors were analyzed. Under the constraint of frequency safety indices, a novel virtual multi-stage coordinated speed regulation control strategy of wind power and energy storage was proposed and the design basis of controller parameters were given. Finally, a grid-connected wind-storage simulation system was built to verify that the virtual multi-stage speed regulation can effectively assist the rapid recovery of the system frequency and ensure the safety of the system frequency.
Simulation results show that compared to MPPT or differential control of the wind power and energy storage, the proposed virtual multi-stage speed regulation control scheme can effectively reduce the frequency drop rate of the system, and the inertia response power of the wind power and energy storage smoothly can exit at the extreme time, the overshoot decreases obviously during the recovery of system speed. When the disturbance power is small, the wind power and energy storage does not need to participate in the system power support. When the disturbance power is large, the frequency regulation of wind power and energy storage need to be invested successively to provide power support to ensure the frequency safety of the system.
The main conclusions by simulation analysis and verification are as follows: The wind turbine and energy storage devices can adopt primary frequency regulation and virtual inertia control to participate in system frequency regulation. The control should take into the three safety requirements, namely, the rate of change of system speed (dω/dt), the maximum frequency deviation (Δω_max) and the steady-state frequency deviation (Δω_st). 2)By using the proposed method of three-stage speed regulation region division and speed response extremum time calculation, the inertia demand of the system can be determined according to the dω/dt|_max at the frequency deviation stage, the primary frequency regulation demand can be determined according to the Δω_max and Δω_stat the wind-storage conversion and frequency recovery stage. 3)According to the frequency regulation demand of the system, the disturbance interval was divided and a three-stage wind storage cooperative frequency regulation command was generated. The test results show that the proposed control strategy is conducive to clearly allocating the frequency regulation tasks of the wind power and energy storage, effectively invoke the new energy power reserve, limiting the system frequency within the safe range, and reliably meeting the frequency support requirements.

Key words： Frequency regulation demand virtual speed extreme value time coordinated speed regulation frequency safety

收稿日期: 2024-08-18

PACS:

TM614

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（52277100）、河北省自然科学基金（E2023502038）、中央高校基本科研业务费（2023MS101）资助项目

通讯作者: 张祥宇, 男,1984年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为风力发电控制技术。E-mail：zh.xy.sq@163.com

作者简介: 邵孜建, 男,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为新能源发电控制技术。E-mail：1933431446@qq.com

引用本文:

张祥宇, 邵孜建, 付媛. 风储并网发电系统的虚拟多段协同调速与频率安全支撑技术[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 1464-8. Zhang Xiangyu, Shao Zijian, Fu Yuan. Virtual Multi-stage Coordinated Speed Regulation and Frequency Safety Support Technology of Wind-storage Grid-Connected Power Generation System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 1464-8.

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