燃弧过程中真空旋转电弧轨迹追踪与特性研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231454

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摘要

控弧的目的是使电弧平稳、快速地离开触头表面,从而有利于提高真空开关的开断能力。不同控弧措施对真空电弧燃弧过程有不同的影响。触头旋转影响真空电弧燃弧期间的弧根状态,进而改变真空电弧在触头表面及触头间的运动特性。本文基于可拆卸式真空灭弧室和非对称平板触头进行了直拉、旋转分离方式下的电弧拉弧实验。使用高速摄相机采集燃弧过程中不同分离方式的真空电弧图像。利用Lucas-Kanade光流法目标追踪技术对真空电弧标定,追踪到真空电弧运动轨迹。通过图像处理技术,得到触头不同分离方式下真空电弧运动轨迹和触头之间的电弧面积,进而得到电弧特性的演变过程。分析结果表明,在相同实验条件下,触头旋转分离加速真空电弧由限制型电弧向扩散型电弧转变,导致扩散型电弧沿径向运动范围增大,使电弧能量尽快消散。

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关键词 ：真空电弧, 旋转分离, 运动轨迹, 电弧特性

Abstract：

The entire arcing process of a vacuum arc can be divided into three stages: arc initiation stage, arc development stage, and arc extinction stage. Different arc control measures have varying effects on the arcing process. Contact rotation influences the arc root state during the ignition of the vacuum arc, thereby altering the motion characteristics of the vacuum arc both on the contact surface and in the inter-contact region. Introducing rotational motion to the conventional mechanically linear-motion-based vacuum switch electrode system enhances the activity of the arc between the contacts. This rapidly transforming the characteristics of the vacuum arc leads to a more efficient dissipation of arc energy within a limited space. The Lucas-Kanade optical flow method is used to track the root position of the arc on the contact surface during the contacts separation scenarios. By analyzing voltage and current curves, the relationship between arc trajectory and arc characteristic transitions is derived.
Firstly, this paper presents a vacuum arc trajectory tracking technique founded upon the Lucas-Kanade optical flow method. Position changes of the arc in the next frame are determined by analyzing pixel point variations in arc images between adjacent frames. Secondly, both straight-pull and rotational arcs using the constructed contact-rotation vacuum arc experiment system were conducted. Thirdly, external to the vacuum chamber, inclined-angle recordings were conducted to capture motion images of the vacuum arc root. These images were obtained using an asymmetric contact structure (with a static contact diameter of 15mm and a moving contact diameter of 45mm). Target tracking technique is applied to monitor the motion trajectory of the vacuum arc. Finally, a comparative analysis of the motion trajectories and area variations of the vacuum arc under both straight-pull and rotational operations is conducted using a colorimetric temperature measurement method.
The research conclusions reveal that: 1) During the rapid drop phase in arc current, the current in the rotating arc demonstrates a stepwise reduction, whereas the straight-pull arc exhibits a steep decline. The rotational arc undergoes more intense and rapid variations compared to the straight-pull arc, effectively disrupting the stagnation of arc on the contact surface and facilitating a swift transition to a diffusive arc; during the slow oscillation phase of current, the straight-pull arc displays a larger amplitude of oscillation, leading to irregular and random motion of the arc on the contact surface. In contrast, the rotational arc current tends to stabilize, promoting a smoother and rapid diffusion of the arc along the contact's edge due to the rotational effect. 2) Combining the arc root motion trajectories of straight-pull and rotational arcs, it becomes evident that during the arc development stages, the straight-pull arc displays a higher degree of randomness in its motion on the contact surface. As outlined in the paper, during the restrictive arc transition phase, when arc energy is relatively concentrated, the arc area is larger. Conversely, during the arc diffusion phase, when arc energy is relatively weaker due to its dispersed motion, the arc diffusion area is not as extensive; Meanwhile, under the influence of contact rotation, the rotational arc demonstrates radial motion along the contact's diameter, leading to a notably enhanced diffusion effect. 3) In the vacuum experiment involving contact rotation, the rotational motion of the contact significantly influences the transition of arc characteristics and expedites the extinguishing of the arc.

Key words： Vacuum arc Rotary separation Motion trajectory Arc characteristics

PACS:

591.3

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（51977132）、辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目（LJKMZ20220513）资助

通讯作者: 李争博女,1986年生,硕士研究生,研究方向现代电器理论应用。E-mail：avatar47@live.cn

作者简介: 生鑫女,1998年生,硕士研究生,研究方向真空电弧等离子体建模和实验。E-mail：859169818@qq.com

引用本文:

生鑫, 李争博, 付思, 曹云东. 燃弧过程中真空旋转电弧轨迹追踪与特性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 1454-1454. Sheng Xin, Li Zhengbo, Fu Si, Cao Yundong. Tracking and characterization of vacuum rotating arc trajectories during arc-firing process. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 1454-1454.

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