Abstract：With the increasing proportion of new energy units in power system, the inertia and primary frequency regulation capability are insufficient. Although the grid-connected specifications mandating wind power and energy storage standards, there is still a room for improvement on how to use the power from energy storage in conjunction with wind turbines to ensure the safety of the system frequency. According to the frequency safety index constraint, a virtual multi-stage coordinated speed regulation scheme of the wind power and energy storage was proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the frequency regulation demand and characteristics of the wind-storage system, a virtual multi-stage coordinated speed regulation process of wind power and energy storage was proposed, which includes three stages: frequency deviation, wind-storage transition and frequency recovery. Secondly, the speed extreme value time of the system was calculated, and its influencing factors were analyzed. Under the constraint of frequency safety indices, a novel virtual multi-stage coordinated speed regulation control strategy of wind power and energy storage was proposed and the design basis of controller parameters were given. Finally, a grid-connected wind-storage simulation system was built to verify that the virtual multi-stage speed regulation can effectively assist the rapid recovery of the system frequency and ensure the safety of the system frequency. Simulation results show that compared to maximum power point tracking (MPPT) or differential control of the wind power and energy storage, the proposed virtual multi-stage speed regulation control scheme can effectively reduce the frequency drop rate of the system, and the inertia response power of the wind power and energy storage smoothly can exit at the extreme time, the overshoot decreases obviously during the recovery of system speed. When the disturbance power is small, the wind power and energy storage does not need to participate in the system power support. When the disturbance power is large, the frequency regulation of wind power and energy storage need to be invested successively to provide power support to ensure the frequency safety of the system. The main conclusions by simulation analysis and verification are as follows: (1) The wind turbine and energy storage devices can adopt primary frequency regulation and virtual inertia control to participate in system frequency regulation. The control should take into the three safety requirements, namely, the rate of change of system speed (dω/dt), the maximum frequency deviation (Δωmax) and the steady-state frequency deviation (Δωst). (2) By using the proposed method of three-stage speed regulation region division and speed response extremum time calculation, the inertia demand of the system can be determined according to the (dω/dt)max at the frequency deviation stage, the primary frequency regulation demand can be determined according to the Δωmax and Δωst at the wind-storage conversion and frequency recovery stage. (3) According to the frequency regulation demand of the system, the disturbance interval was divided and a three-stage wind storage cooperative frequency regulation command was generated. The test results show that the proposed control strategy is conducive to clearly allocating the frequency regulation tasks of the wind power and energy storage, effectively invoke the new energy power reserve, limiting the system frequency within the safe range, and reliably meeting the frequency support requirements.
张祥宇, 邵孜建, 付媛. 风储并网发电系统的虚拟多段协同调速与频率安全支撑技术[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(15): 4677-4693.
Zhang Xiangyu, Shao Zijian, Fu Yuan. Virtual Multi-Stage Coordinated Speed Regulation and Frequency Safety Support Technology of Wind-Storage Grid-Connected Power Generation System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(15): 4677-4693.
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2025, Vol. 40 
