含水率对环氧浸渍纸低频介电弛豫过程的影响研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.232087

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摘要

环氧复合材料是特高压直流套管电容芯体的主绝缘材料,受潮会对套管造成较大影响。为了明确含水率对环氧复合材料低频介电弛豫过程的影响,该文制备了环氧树脂和环氧浸渍纸两种试样,测量了不同湿度环境下两种试样的吸水特性和低频介电特性。综合运用Havriliak-Negami模型、复交流电导率、复电模量三种介电弛豫模型对介电谱信息进行拟合分析,得到了环氧浸渍纸中纤维素σ极化和界面极化的弛豫强度、弛豫时间、活化能等介电特性参数。结果表明：含水率对环氧试样的低频介电特性影响很小,而对环氧浸渍纸试样低频介电特性影响明显;水分会降低环氧浸渍纸试样σ极化活化能,提高σ极化介电弛豫强度;含水率的提升也会使环氧浸渍纸直流电导率增大,减小界面极化时间常数,增强界面极化介电弛豫强度。该文量化分析了环氧浸渍纸低频介电弛豫过程中含水率的影响程度和影响机理,为特高压直流套管受潮状态评估提供了理论基础。

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关键词 ：含水率, 环氧树脂, 环氧浸渍纸, 低频介电弛豫, 活化能

Abstract：

Epoxy composite material is the main insulating material of UHV DC dry sleeve capacitor core, in which epoxy resin impregnated paper is composed of epoxy resin and corrugated paper. The molecular chain of the two materials has hydrophilic groups and is easy to absorb water, resulting in the deterioration of the insulation performance of epoxy resin impregnated paper, which has a negative impact on the safety of the equipment. In this paper, two kinds of epoxy resin and epoxy resin impregnated paper samples were prepared, and the water absorption characteristics of the two samples were measured under different humidity conditions. The relaxation strength, relaxation time and activation energy of σ polarization and interfacial polarization of cellulose in epoxy resin impregnated paper were obtained by using a variety of dielectric spectrum characterization forms and dielectric relaxation models. The effect of moisture on the low frequency dielectric relaxation of epoxy resin impregnated paper was studied.
In this paper, the epoxy resin and epoxy resin impregnated paper were first placed in five different relative humidity environments of 12%, 33%, 43%, 75% and 100%, and the water absorption characteristics of the two samples were measured and given. It was found that the time required for the two samples to reach the saturated water state was 7 days and 2 days, respectively, and the saturated water content of epoxy resin impregnated paper was higher.
Then, the low frequency dielectric properties of epoxy composite materials under different humidity were studied by using three dielectric spectrum characterization forms of "complex permittivity", "complex conductivity" and "complex modulus". It can be seen from the three dielectric spectra that the influence of moisture on the low-frequency dielectric properties of epoxy resin is small, but the influence on the low-frequency dielectric properties of epoxy resin impregnated paper is obvious.
HN model, complex AC conductivity and complex electric modulus were used to fit and analyze the dielectric spectrum information. The low-frequency dielectric relaxation of epoxy resin impregnated paper composite includes two processes: σ-polarization of impregnated paper and interface polarization of epoxy/impregnated paper. The real part of the complex AC conductivity does not show a plateau in all humidity conditions, indicating that the epoxy and epoxy-impregnated paper samples containing water do not have DC conductivity processes throughout the sample in the test frequency range.
Finally, the influence mechanism of low-frequency dielectric relaxation process of epoxy-impregnated paper is analyzed. With the increase of moisture content, the σ-polarization activation energy required by carrier transition to the deep trap in epoxy-impregnated paper will decrease, resulting in shorter corresponding relaxation time. Meanwhile, moisture will increase the σ-polarized dielectric relaxation strength, thus enhancing the σ-polarization process of epoxy-impregnated paper. Moisture also increases the DC conductivity of impregnated paper, greatly reduces the time constant of interfacial polarization of epoxy/impregnated paper at room temperature, and enhances the dielectric relaxation strength of interfacial polarization.

Key words： Moisture content epoxy resin epoxy resin impregnated paper low frequency dielectric properties activation energy

收稿日期: 2023-12-15

PACS:

TM855

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52367017）

通讯作者: 张宏亮男,1983年生,博士,副教授,研究方向为电力设备绝缘结构优化设计、聚合物介电特性等。E-mail：zhanghl312@lut.edu.cn

作者简介: 黄宁男,1998年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电气设备状态监测与故障诊断。E-mail：hn83883566@163.com

引用本文:

张宏亮, 黄宁, 刘鹏, 金海, 彭宗仁. 含水率对环氧浸渍纸低频介电弛豫过程的影响研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 232087-232087. Zhang Hongliang, Huang Ning, Liu Peng, Jin Hai, Peng Zongren. Effect of Water Content on low Frequency Dielectric Relaxation of Epoxy Resin Impregnated Paper. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 232087-232087.

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