基于扰动观测器的五相永磁同步电机开路和短路容错矢量控制

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230988

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摘要

针对反电势含有三次谐波的五相永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)开路和短路故障导致转矩脉动大的问题,提出一种基于扰动观测器的矢量控制(disturbance-observer-based field-oriented control,DOB-FOC)策略。该策略基于降阶正交变换矩阵在同步旋转坐标系上建立PMSM开路故障情况下的基波模型,将三次谐波反电势、短路电流等作为扰动信号。在此基础上,设计扰动观测器,观测出以上扰动导致的转矩脉动,将其转化为q轴补偿电流前馈到q轴电流指令中。有效抑制了故障导致的转矩脉动,并且实现了PMSM在开路和短路故障情况下的平稳无扰运行。仿真和实验结果验证了所提容错策略的有效性。

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	周华伟
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关键词 ：永磁同步电机(PMSM), 矢量控制(FOC), 开路故障, 短路故障, 扰动观测器

Abstract：

When a multiphase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has an open-circuit or short-circuit fault, the unbalanced phase currents will generate large torque fluctuations, which will cause the whole system to oscillate, and then cannot continue operating. To restrain the torque fluctuations of five-phase PMSM with third harmonic back electromotive forces (EMF) under open-circuit and short-circuit fault conditions, a novel field-oriented control strategy based on disturbance-observer (DOB-FOC) was proposed.
Firstly, by using an orthogonal reduced-order transformation matrix, a fundamental PMSM model with open-circuit fault was built in the synchronous rotating frame. The third harmonic back EMF and short-circuit current were recognized as disturbances. Secondly, to estimate these disturbances, a disturbance observer was designed. Then, a feedforward compensatory current obtained from the estimated disturbances was added into the q-axis current reference. Finally, the torque fluctuations caused by the fault can be restrained effectively, and then the PMSM with proposed strategy can operate good performance under open-circuit and short-circuit fault conditions.
Simulation shows that when the third harmonic back EMF is 0 or 20% of the fundamental amplitude, DOB-FOC can effectively suppress the fluctuating torque caused by open-circuit and short-circuit faults. Therefore, regardless of whether the back EMF contains the third harmonics, the faulty motor with DOB-FOC has the similar steady-state performance to that under healthy condition. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy. When the open-circuit or short-circuit fault occurs, the proposed DOB-FOC strategy is activated at once, the fluctuating torque isresprained to 0.14N·m and 0.19N·m, respectively, which is similar to that under healthy condition. When the load steps between 3N·m and 5N·m, the d-axis current basically remains unchanged, the q-axis current remains similar to that under healthy condition, and the response time is 170ms. During the reference speed step-changes, the DOB-FOC strategy can greatly reduce the fault impact on the speed performance. Its dynamic performance is similar to that under healthy condition, and its response time is 240ms.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental results. (1) The proposed strategy can effectively suppress the fluctuating torque caused by the third harmonic back EMF in the case of open-circuit or short-circuit fault. (2) DOB can effectively estimate torque fluctuations caused by short-circuit current and observe the disturbance caused by two-phase faults without additional hardware support. (3) The proposed strategy is applicable to PMSM with only fundamental back EMF and to PMSM with third harmonic back EMF. It is also suitable for open-circuit or short-circuit fault.

Key words： permanent magnet synchronous motor field-oriented control open-circuit fault short-circuit fault disturbance observer

PACS:

TM351

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金项目（52277052）

作者简介: 周华伟男,1980年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电动汽车和电磁悬架用特种永磁电机驱动控制、容错控制等。E-mail: zhouhuawei@ujs.edu.cn;陈铖男,1995年生,博士研究生,研究方向为永磁电机控制。E-mail：827181834@qq.com

引用本文:

周华伟, 陈铖, 向小龙, 张多, 陈前. 基于扰动观测器的五相永磁同步电机开路和短路容错矢量控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 988-988. Zhou Huawei, Chen Cheng, Xiang Xiaolong, Zhang Duo, Chen Qian. Disturbance-Observer-Based Field-oriented Control of Five-Phase PMSM Under Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Faults. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 988-988.

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