Targeted Power Transfer Method for Omnidirectional Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Mutual Inductance Identification and Phase-Shift Angle Optimization
Feng Tianxu1, Shi Ke1, Sun Yue2, Wang Peiyue1, Jiang Jincheng1
1. College of Automation Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing 400065 China; 2. College of Automation Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
Abstract：The omnidirectional wireless power transfer(WPT) technology is favored by scholars at home and abroad because of its good anti-positional and angular misalignment performance. The efficiency of an omnidirectional WPT system can be improved by pointing the synthetic magnetic field generated by the omnidirectional transmitter to the receiver. It is necessary to detect the receiver's orientation and control the transmitter's excitation current in realtime. However, effective methods to identify the orientation of the receiver and adjust the excitation current are needed. To this end, an omnidirectional WPT system targeted power transfer method based on mutual inductance identification and phase-shift angle optimization is proposed. In this method, the orientation of the “target” (i.e., the receiver) is indirectly determined by mutual inductance identification, and the excitation current required for targeted power transmission is obtained by phase-shift angle optimization. This method can realize the maximum efficiency transmission of the magnetic coupler. Besides, it does not need to detect the orientation of the receiver or a communication link. This paper uses the composite planar coil to illustrate the proposed targeted power transfer method because of its omnidirectional power transmitting capability and saving installation space advantages. The composite plane coil structure is composed of three transmitting coils (two crossed 8-shaped coils and a circular coil), and it is used as the transmitter, while a disc coil works as the receiver. To control the excitation current of the three transmitting coils separately, three independent inverters with phase-shift control are used to drive the three transmitting coils. The LCC compensation network and series compensation capacitor are used on the primary and secondary sides. Then, the relationship between the magnetic coupler efficiency, mutual inductance, and phase shift angle is derived. An omnidirectional WPT system targeted power transfer method is proposed based on mutual inductance identification and phase-shift angle optimization. In mutual inductance identification, the inverter is excited separately and cooperatively to identify the size of mutual inductance and the symbol of mutual inductance. In phase-shift angle optimization, the maximum efficiency is taken as the optimization objective, and the optimal phase-shift angle is obtained by solving the extreme value of the ternary function. Finally, the flowchart of the mutual inductance identification and phase-shift angle optimization is given. A 100 W-level experimental setup is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The working principle of the proposed targeted power transfer method is further expounded experimentally from three angular misalignments of the receiver. The power and efficiency of the receiver measured under three angular misalignments are 81 W-86.6%, 96 W-87.1%, and 94 W-84.7%, respectively. Besides, three rotation types and three offset types of the receiver are selected to test the omnidirectional powering performance. The rotational method and the same current excitation method are introduced to compare with the proposed directional method. The experimental results show that the same current excitation method cannot achieve omnidirectional powering, and the efficiency of the directional method is at least 10% higher than that of the rotational method. The dc-dc efficiency of the proposed system is more than 80% when the receiver moves or rotates arbitrarily within ±60 mm. The proposed system and method are promising for applying multi-degree-of-freedom wireless charging of mobile electronic devices, such as smartphones and tablets.
冯天旭, 史可, 孙跃, 王佩月, 蒋金橙. 基于互感识别及移相角优化的全方位无线电能传输系统靶向传能方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(24): 6581-6595.
Feng Tianxu, Shi Ke, Sun Yue, Wang Peiyue, Jiang Jincheng. Targeted Power Transfer Method for Omnidirectional Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Mutual Inductance Identification and Phase-Shift Angle Optimization. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(24): 6581-6595.
[1] 卿晓东, 苏玉刚. 电场耦合无线电能传输技术综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(17): 3649-3663. Qing Xiaodong, Su Yugang.An overview of electric- filed coupling wireless power transfer technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(17): 3649-3663. [2] 廖志娟, 冯其凯, 吴凡, 等. 磁耦合无线电能传输系统实本征态工作模式及能效特性分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46(3): 164-174. Liao Zhijuan, Feng Qikai, Wu Fan, et al.Real eigenstate operating modes and energy efficiency characteristic analysis of magnetic coupling wireless power transfer system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46(3): 164-174. [3] 孙淑彬, 张波, 李建国, 等. 多负载磁耦合无线电能传输系统的拓扑发展和分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(8): 1885-1903. Sun Shubin, Zhang Bo, Li Jianguo, et al.Analysis and development on topologies of multi-load magnetic- coupling wireless power transfer system[J]. Transa- ctions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(8): 1885-1903. [4] 朱春波, 姜金海, 宋凯, 等. 电动汽车动态无线充电关键技术研究进展[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2017, 41(2): 60-65, 72. Zhu Chunbo, Jiang Jinhai, Song Kai, et al.Research progress of key technologies for dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicle[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(2): 60-65, 72. [5] 吴旭升, 孙盼, 杨深钦, 等. 水下无线电能传输技术及应用研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(8): 1559-1568. Wu Xusheng, Sun Pan, Yang Shenqin, et al.Review on underwater wireless power transfer technology and its application[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2019, 34(8): 1559-1568. [6] Agarwal K, Jegadeesan R, Guo Yongxin, et al.Wireless power transfer strategies for implantable bioelectronics[J]. IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 2017, 10: 136-161. [7] Wu Shuai, Cai Chunwei, Liu Xichen, et al.Compact and free-positioning omnidirectional wireless power transfer system for unmanned aerial vehicle charging applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Elec- tronics, 2022, 37(8): 8790-8794. [8] 薛明, 杨庆新, 章鹏程, 等. 无线电能传输技术应用研究现状与关键问题[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(8): 1547-1568. Xue Ming, Yang Qingxin, Zhang Pengcheng, et al.Application status and key issues of wireless power transmission technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(8): 1547-1568. [9] 冯天旭, 王智慧, 孙跃, 等. 采用三维偶极线圈的无线电能传输系统多自由度拾取机构[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2018, 42(23): 99-104. Feng Tianxu, Wang Zhihui, Sun Yue, et al.Multi- degree-of-freedom pick-up mechanism of wireless power transfer system using three-dimensional dipole coils[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(23): 99-104. [10] 肖蕙蕙, 周青山, 熊山香, 等. 基于双层正交DD线圈抗偏移偏转的无线电能传输系统[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(16): 4004-4018. Xiao Huihui, Zhou Qingshan, Xiong Shanxiang, et al.Wireless power transfer system based on double-layer quadrature double-D coupling structure with anti- misalignment and anti-deflection[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(16): 4004-4018. [11] 刘哲, 苏玉刚, 邓仁为, 等. 基于双边LC补偿的单电容耦合无线电能传输系统[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(17): 4306-4314. Liu Zhe, Su Yugang, Deng Renwei, et al.Research on single capacitive coupled wireless power transfer system with double-side LC compensation[J]. Transa- ctions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(17): 4306-4314. [12] 谢文燕, 陈为. 全方向无线电能传输技术研究进展[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2020, 44(4): 202-215. Xie Wenyan, Chen Wei.Research progress of omni- directional wireless power transfer technology[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2020, 44(4): 202-215. [13] 郭海潮, 张献, 杨庆新, 等. 空间全向无线电能传输技术研究与应用综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(24): 9006-9022. Guo Haichao, Zhang Xian, Yang Qingxin, et al.Review of research and application of spatial omni- directional wireless power transmission technology[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(24): 9006-9022. [14] Ha-Van N, Liu Yining, Jayathurathnage P, et al.Cylindrical transmitting coil for two-dimensional omnidirectional wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2022, 69(10): 10045-10054. [15] Basar M R, Ahmad M Y, Cho J, et al.An improved wearable resonant wireless power transfer system for biomedical capsule endoscope[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2018, 65(10): 7772-7781. [16] Wu Jinde, Dai Xin, Gao Ruozhong, et al.A coupling mechanism with multidegree freedom for bidire- ctional multistage WPT system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(2): 1376-1387. [17] Lu Conghui, Huang Xiutao, Tao Xiong, et al.Design and analysis of an omnidirectional dual-band wireless power transfer system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 69(6): 3493-3502. [18] Lee E S, Sohn Y H, Choi B G, et al.A modularized IPT with magnetic shielding for a wide-range ubiquitous wi-power zone[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018, 33(11): 9669-9690. [19] Yan Zhengchao, Song Baowei, Zhang Yiming, et al.A rotation-free wireless power transfer system with stable output power and efficiency for autonomous underwater vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, 34(5): 4005-4008. [20] Ng W M, Zhang Cheng, Lin Deyan, et al.Two- and three-dimensional omnidirectional wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(9): 4470-4474. [21] Lin Deyan, Zhang Cheng, Hui S Y R. Mathematical analysis of omnidirectional wireless power transfer- part-Ⅰ: two-dimensional systems[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(1): 625-633. [22] Feng Junjie, Li Qiang, Lee F C, et al.Transmitter coils design for free-positioning omnidirectional wireless power transfer system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2019, 15(8): 4656-4664. [23] Feng Tianxu, Zuo Zhiping, Sun Yue, et al.A reticu- lated planar transmitter using a three-dimensional rotating magnetic field for free-positioning omni- directional wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Power Electronics, 2022, 37(8): 9999-10015. [24] Feng Tianxu, Sun Yue, Feng Yuchen, et al.A tripolar plane-type transmitter for three-dimensional omni- directional wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Industry Applications, 2022, 58(1): 1254-1267. [25] Wang Hanwei, Zhang Cheng, Yang Yun, et al.A comparative study on overall efficiency of two- dimensional wireless power transfer systems using rotational and directional methods[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Industrial Electronics, 2021, 69(1): 260-269. [26] Choi B H, Lee E S, Sohn Y H, et al.Six degrees of freedom mobile inductive power transfer by crossed dipole tx and rx coils[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(4): 3252-3272. [27] Feng Tianxu, Sun Yue, Zuo Zhiping, et al.Magnetic field analysis and excitation currents optimization for an omnidirectional WPT system based on three-phase tubular coils[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Appli- cations, 2022, 58(1): 1268-1278. [28] 谢诗云, 杨奕, 李恋, 等. 基于双极性耦合磁场调控的高抗偏移偏转无线电能传输系统[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(18): 4838-4852. Xie Shiyun, Yang Yi, Li Lian, et al.Wireless power transfer system with high misalignment tolerance based on bipolar coupling magnetic-field control[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(18): 4838-4852. [29] Feng Junjie, Li Qiang, Lee F C.Load detection and power flow control algorithm for an omnidirectional wireless power transfer system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2022, 69(2): 1422-1431. [30] 冯天旭, 孙跃, 王智慧, 等. 基于环形偶极组合式线圈及三维旋转磁场的全角度偏移适应性WPT系统[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(16): 6104-6115, 6184. Feng Tianxu, Sun Yue, Wang Zhihui, et al.An angular misalignment insensitive WPT system based on a combined circular and dipole coils and a 3-D rotating magnetic field[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(16): 6104-6115, 6184. [31] Lim Y, Park J.A novel phase-control-based energy beamforming techniques in nonradiative wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(11): 6274-6287. [32] Kang Ning, Shao Yaoxia, Liu Ming, et al.Analysis and implementation of 3D magnetic field shaping via a 2D planar transmitting coil array[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Power Electronics, 2022, 37(1): 1172-1184. [33] Zhu Qi, Su Mei, Sun Yao, et al.Field orientation based on current amplitude and phase angle control for wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2018, 65(6): 4758-4770. [34] Zhang Cheng, Lin Deyan, Hui S Y.Basic control principles of omnidirectional wireless power trans- fer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(7): 5215-5227.
2023, Vol. 38 
