气体间隙开关喷射等离子体触发性能劣化及剩余触发寿命预测研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222320

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摘要

喷射等离子体诱导型气体间隙开关用于电力系统过电压防护具有明显优势,但高注入触发能量下多次放电累积效应引起的触发失效问题严重,极限可触发次数具有不确定性,亟须开展触发寿命与触发有效参数的关联规律以及剩余触发寿命预测研究。为此搭建了气体间隙开关触发寿命研究平台,结果表明,低容值触发电路可迅速建立触发放电主通道,电弧电流可达3.7 kA。高容值触发电路提高了用于解离产气材料而形成喷射等离子体的能量,显著提升了触发腔等离子体喷射触发能力。触发回路电容C₁距C₂放电时延Δt₀、击穿时延Δt₁、导通时延Δt₂可分别用于表征触发一级腔、二级腔、气体开关导通性能的劣化程度,其变化过程可用于表征气体开关触发失效的阀值范围。以等离子体喷射高度作为预测因子,建立了气体开关剩余触发寿命预测模型ARIMA(1, 1, 2),预测值与试验结果基本吻合,剩余触发寿命预测误差在10%以内。研究结果可为气体间隙开关实现稳定触通及触发寿命预测提供理论参考和工程应用指导。

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关键词 ：气体间隙开关, 等离子体喷射, 触发失效, 寿命预测, 过电压与接地

Abstract：

The cumulative effect of multiple discharges at high injected trigger energy causes a serious problem of trigger failure of the Plasma-Jet-Triggered gas gap switch. In order to achieve stable triggering conduction of the gas switch, the experiment of the influence of the injection energy rate on the plasma injection characteristics and the study of the degradation of the gas switch triggering performance under repeated triggering were carried out t based on the gas switch trigger life research platform. Finally, a residual trigger life prediction model was established to predict the gas switch trigger life based on the law of gradual change of the trigger characteristic parameters.
The results are as follows:
(1) The energy release rate is fast under the 40 μF capacitive discharge circuit, the high-temperature ablation environment is instantly established, and the plasma jet is rapidly formed and ejected from the cavity, but the main channel arc current acts on the trigger channel for a short period of time, the gas-producing material is not fully ablated, the gas molecules in the ferry vapor layer are not completely dissociated to form plasma, the conductivity of the plasma jet is low, and the aerodynamic force of the plasma jet accumulated in the short ablation time is insufficient, so the plasma jet duration and characteristic parameters are reduced, and the gas switch touch-on cannot be induced. Under the 240 μF high-capacity trigger circuit, the arc ablation time is extended by 1.3 times and the energy used for dissociation to form plasma is increased by 24.4%, which significantly improves the plasma jet parameters (jet area, height, velocity, etc.) and enables stable trigger conduction of the gas gap switch at a lower jet height.
(2) Under repeated triggering, the ablation products on the inner wall of the first cavity accumulate, the surface roughness increases, the discharge path gradually deteriorates, resulting in the gradual deterioration of the triggering discharge performance of the first cavity, and the discharge time delay Δt₀ between capacitors C₁ and C₂ increases. Under the effect of intense ablation along the surface arc current, the diameter of the second cavity nozzle gradually increases, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the trigger cavity nozzle decreases, and the cumulative effect of the insulation material gas production capacity and arc energy utilization decreases, which leads to a decrease in the plasma jet characteristics parameters, causing a weakening of the distortion effect of the background electric field of the main gap of the switch, resulting in an increase in the breakdown time delay Δt₁. By the end of the trigger life, breakdown delay Δt₁ and on-time delay Δt₂ increased by 0.67 and 1.2 times, respectively. And the diameter of the first and second trigger cavity nozzles increased by nearly 2.9 and 3.3 times, respectively. Δt₀, Δt₁, Δt₂ can be used to characterize the degree of deterioration of the trigger first cavity, second cavity, and conduction performance, respectively. In practical applications, the threshold range in which the above characteristic quantities change can be detected to determine the superiority of the gas switch triggering performance and the trigger life stage.
(3) Based on the strong correlation law between plasma jet height and gas switch trigger performance degradation, the plasma jet height is used as the predictor. The gas switch trigger life prediction model ARIMA(1, 1, 2) was established after ADF test, ACF and PACF parameters identification, the information criterion judgment and significance test. The number of remaining trigger life predictions for the model is 398. The predicted values are basically consistent with the experimental results, and the remaining trigger life prediction error is within 10%, which can well meet the requirements of gas switch trigger life prediction.

Key words： Gas gap switch plasma jet trigger failure life prediction overvoltage and grounding

收稿日期: 2022-12-16

PACS:

TM470

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（52107142）和高等学校学科创新引智计划（BP0719039）资助项目

通讯作者: 董冰冰男,1987年生,博士（后）,副研究员,研究方向为开关类设备及成套装置研制、复杂环境下输电线路外绝缘放电理论与试验研究。E-mail：bndong@126.com

作者简介: 郭志远男,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为脉冲功率等离子体技术。E-mail：gyadded@163.com

引用本文:

董冰冰, 郭志远. 气体间隙开关喷射等离子体触发性能劣化及剩余触发寿命预测研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 239604-239604. Dong Bingbing, Guo Zhiyuan. Study on Triggering Performance Degradation and Remaining Trigger Life Prediction of Gas Gap Switch Jet Plasma. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 239604-239604.

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